AMAÇ: Losartanýn enflamasyonu baskýlayarak çeþitli organlarda iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarýný azalttýðý ve enfarkt alanýný küçülttüðü ortaya konmuþtur. Bu çalýþma, losartanýn deri fleplerindeki iskemik bölgeye ve flep sürvisine etkisini ortaya koymak amacýyla planlandý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Sprague-Dawley sýçanlarda (n=24) 3x9 cm boyutlarýnda kaudal
pediküllü sýrt flebi kaldýrýldý. Sýçanlar 3 gruba ayrýlarak 1. gruba 10 mg/kg, 2. gruba 40 mg/kg losartan ve 3. gruba distile su verildi. Yedi günlük tedavinin sonunda fleplerdeki
canlý doku alaný hesaplanarak gruplar arasýnda karþýlaþtýrýldý. Ek olarak fleplerin proksimal ve iskemik bölgelerinde nötrofiller, fibroblastlar, mast hücreleri ve kapillerler sayýldý.
BULGULAR: Fleplerdeki canlý doku alanlarý ortalamasý 1., 2. ve 3. gruplarda sýrasýyla %61, %56 ve %60 olarak hesaplandý. Gruplar flep saðkalýmý açýsýndan arþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda anlamlý fark bulunmadý (p>0,05). Tüm gruplarda fleplerin iskemik bölgesinde nötrofil, fibroblast ve kapillerlerde anlamlý artýþ saptanýrken (p<0,05), mast hücre sayýsýnda fark bulunmadý. 40 mg/kg losartan ile tedavi alan grupta fleplerin yaþayan bölgesinde fibroblast sayýsý anlamlý olarak azaldý (p<0,05). Nötrofil, mast hücreleri ve kapiller sayýlarý ise tedaviden etkilenmedi.
SONUÇ: Losartan sýçan sýrt deri flebinin sürvisini arttýrmamakta ancak fibroblastlar üzerine anlamlý antiproliferatif etkisi bulunmaktadýr.

BACKGROUND: Losartan, a drug with antiinflammatory properties, has been shown to prevent ischemic injury in various organs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of losartan on ischemic skin flaps and on flap survival.
METHODS: A 3x9 cm dorsal flap was elevated in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats received the following treatment for seven days: Group I (n=8): 10 mg/kg losartan; Group II (n=8): 40 mg/kg losartan; and Group III (n=8): nonionized water. At the end of the seventh day, the viable flap areas were calculated, and histological analysis was conducted to count cells and capillaries in microscopic fields.
RESULTS: Mean flap survival was 61%, 56% and 60% in Groups I, II and III, respectively. Comparison of flap survival between groups did not yield any significant difference (p>0.05). Ischemic zones of the flaps in all groups demonstrated an increase in number of neutrophils, fibroblasts and capillaries (p<0.05), whereas no difference was seen in mast cells. The cell counts in the viable areas of the flaps showed a significant
decrease in fibroblasts in the group treated with 40 mg/kg losartan (p<0.05). The number of neutrophils, mast cells and capillaries was not influenced by treatment.
CONCLUSION: Losartan does not improve skin flap survival but it has a significant
antiproliferative effect on fibroblasts.

AMAÇ: Spinal immobilizasyon cihazlarýnýn solunum fonksiyonlarý üzerindeki etkileri araþtýrýldý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu çalýþma, saðlýklý gönüllü kiþilerde yapýlan kesitsel bir çalýþmadýr, 60 gönüllü dahil edildi. Yatar pozisyondayken tam spirometre uygulandý ve tüm deneklerde zorlu vital kapasite (FVC), zorlu birinci saniye ekspiratuvar hacim (FEV1) ve FEV1/FVC kaydedildi. Sonra, Philadelphia tipi boyunluk (Philly) ve travma yeleði (Kendrick extrication device=KED) tüm deneklere uygulandý. Boyunluk ve KED uygulamasýndan sonra 5. ve 30. dakikada tüm deneklerde FVC, FEV1 ve FEV1/FVC ölçüldü. Bir saat dinlenme zamanýndan sonra, tüm deneklere Philly ve uzun omurga tahtasý tekrar uygulandý. Boyunluk ve uzun omurga tahtasý uygulandýktan sonra tüm deneklerde 5. ve 30. dakikada FVC, FEV1 ve FEV1/FVC ölçüldü.
BULGULAR: Bazal deðerler KED uygulandýktan sonra ölçülen 5. ve 30. dakika deðerleri ile karþýlaþtýrýldý. KED uygulandýktan sonra FEV1 (p=0,000) ve FVC deðerlerinde (p=0,000) önemli derecede istatiksel anlamlý düþme bulundu, ama FEV1/FVC deðerlerinde belirgin deðiþiklik yoktu. Uzun omurga tahtasý uygulandýktan sonra 5. ve 30. dakikada ölçülen deðerleri bazal deðerlerle karþýlaþtýrýldý. Uzun omurga tahtasý
uygulandýktan sonra FEV1 (p=0,000) ve FVC deðerlerinde (p=0,000) önemli derecede istatiksel anlamlý düþme bulundu, fakat FEV1/FVC deðerlerinde belirgin deðiþiklik
yoktu.
SONUÇ: KED ve uzun omurga tahtasýnýn solunum fonksiyonlarýný azalttýðýný belirledik.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the effects of spinal immobilization devices on pulmonary functions.
METHODS: This study was a cross-over trial in healthy volunteer subjects; 60 volunteers were included. We performed a full spirometry in the supine position, and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC were recorded in all subjects. Then, Philadelphia type cervical collar (Philly) and Kendrick extrication device (KED) were applied to all subjects. We measured FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC in all subjects in the supine position at the 5th and 30th minutes after application of cervical collar and KED. After a one-hour relaxation period, Philly
and long spinal backboard with straps were applied to all subjects. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC were measured again in all subjects at the 5th and 30th minutes after application of
cervical collar and long spinal backboard.
RESULTS: After application of KED, baseline levels were compared with levels at the 5th and 30th minutes. Statistically significant decreases were determined in FEV1 (p=0.000) and FVC levels (p=0.000) after application of KED, but there were no significant differences in FEV1/FVC levels. After application of the long spinal backboard, a comparison of baseline levels and levels at the 5th and 30th minutes demonstrated statistically significant decreases in FEV1 (p=0.000) and FVC levels (p=0.000), but no significant difference in FEV1/FVC levels.
CONCLUSION: We determined that both KED and long spinal backboard cause a decrease in pulmonary functions.

AMAÇ: Peritoneal yapýþýklýklarý uzun sürede önemli postoperatif morbidite nedenidir. Bu çalýþma, bir hayvan modelinde karýn cerrahisinden sonra yapýþýklýk oluþumunun azaltýlmasýnda agar plakalarýnýn etkinliðini deðerlendirmektedir.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Yapýþýklýklar bir laparotomi iþlem sýrasýnda 20 C57/BL6 farelerde, çekum abrazyonuyla oluþturuldu. Deneysel grup þeklinde 10 farede agar plakalarý kullanýldý, 28 gün sonraki ikinci operasyonda, yapýþýklýklar iki grupta derecelendirildi.
Veriler, Student t testi kullanýlarak analiz edildi.
BULGULAR: Çalýþma süresince iki grubun kilosu açýsýndan anlamlý bir fark yoktu. Yapýþýklýklarýn morfolojik görünüm karþýlaþtýrmasýnda, iki grup arasýnda belirgin bir fark yoktu. Ayný zamanda, iki grup arasýnda yapýþýklýklarýn insidans oraný veya cerrahi iþlem sonrasý adezyon skorlarý bakýmýndan da hiçbir anlamlý fark yoktu (p>0,05).
SONUÇ: Sahip olduðu hidrojel özelliklerine karþýn, agar, uygulamada peritoneal cerrahiden sonraki yapýþýklýk oluþumunun azaltýlmasýnda baþarýlý olmamýþtýr. Biyolojik bir ürün olmasý nedeniyle, agar, peritondaki doðal immün sistem tarafýndan uyarýlan bir hiperreaktiviteye yol açabilir. Bu yüzden, agar, klinik uygulamada peritoneal cerrahiden sonra yapýþýklýk oluþumunun azaltýlmasýna yönelik olarak yararlý gibi görünmemektedir.

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal adhesions cause significant long-term postoperative morbidity. This study evaluates the efficacy of agar plates as the physical barrier in reducing adhesion formation after abdominal surgery in an animal model.
METHODS: Adhesions were induced, by cecum abrasion, in 20 C57/BL6 mice during a laparotomy procedure. Agar plates were used in 10 mice as the experimental group. At a second operation, 28 days later, the adhesions were graded, in two groups. Data were analyzed by using Student t test.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in weight gain of the two groups during the study period. A comparison of the morphological appearances of the adhesions demonstrated that there was no evident difference between the two groups. There was also no significant difference in the incidence ratio of adhesions or postoperative adhesion scores between the two groups (p value >0.05).
CONCLUSION: Despite the hydrogel properties of agar, it was not successful in practice in the reduction of adhesion formation after peritoneal surgery. Since agar is a biological product, it may cause a hyperreactivity induced by the innate immune system
in peritoneum. Therefore, agar does not appear to be useful in clinical practice for the reduction of adhesion formation after peritoneal surgery.

AMAÇ: Travmayý takiben acil servise baþvuran hastalarda paramediklerce uygulanan travmaya odaklanmýþ ultrasonografi deðerlendirmesinin (PFAST) serbest sývý saptamadaki doðruluðu araþtýrýldý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Dört saatlik teorik ve dört saatlik uygulamalý eðitim sonrasý,
dört paramedik travma hastalarýný ileriye dönük inceledi. Altýn standardýmýz ultrasonografi ve karýn bilgisayarlý tomografisinin (KBT) resmi radyolog raporlarýydý.
PFAST’in duyarlýlýk, seçicilik, pozitif ve negatif olabilirlik oranlarý ve tanýsal odds oraný hesaplandý ve ki-kare testi ile SPSS 15.0 kullanýlarak analiz edildi.
BULGULAR: Yüz yirmi yedi hasta paramedikler tarafýndan deðerlendirildi. On dört hastada karýnda serbest sývý vardý. Bunlardan 11 tanesi radyoloji raporlarýyla ve KBT ile uyumlu iken (gerçek pozitifler), üç tanesi negatif geldi (yanlýþ pozitifler). Yüz on üç olguda PFAST serbest sývý için negatif idi. Bunlardan 111 tanesinde serbest sývý yokken (gerçek negatifler), iki tanesinde KBT ile tespit edildi (yanlýþ negatifler). Sýrasýyla duyarlýlýk, seçicilik, pozitif ve negatif olabilirlik oranlarý ve tanýsal odds oraný 84,62, 97,37, 32,15, 0,16 ve 203,50 idi.
SONUÇ: Çalýþmamýz, hastane acil servislerinde paramediklerin yüksek doðruluk oranýyla FAST uygulayabileceklerini göstermektedir.

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of paramedicperformed
Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (PFAST) for detection of free fluid in patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) following trauma.
METHODS: After four hours of didactic and four hours of hands-on training, four paramedics prospectively evaluated trauma patients. Our gold standard was the official radiologist reports of ultrasonography and computerized abdominal tomography (CAT). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio of PFAST were calculated and analyzed using SPSS 15.0 with χ2 testing.
RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-seven patients were evaluated by the paramedics. Fourteen patients had positive free fluid in the abdomen. Of these, 11 were corroborated by radiology reports and CAT (true positives), and three were found to be negative (false positives). In 113 cases, PFAST was negative for free fluid. Of these, 111 were determined not to have free fluid (true negatives), whereas free fluid was detected by CAT in 2 (false negatives). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio of PFAST were 84.62, 97.37, 32.15, 0.16, and 203.50, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Our study shows that paramedics can perform FAST in hospital EDs with a high degree of accuracy.

AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmada, künt ve penetre toraks travmasý sonucu hemotoraks geliþen ve tedavilerinde tüp torakostomi uygulanan olgularla, erken dönemde videotorakoskopi cerrahi (VATS) ile tedavi edilen olgular karþýlaþtýrýldý ve hemotoraks tedavisinde VATS’ýn ilk seçenek olup olmayacaðý tartýþýldý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Künt ve penetre toraks travmasý ile baþvuran ve hemotoraks tespit edilen 60 hasta prospektif olarak incelendi. Ýzole hemotoraksý tüp torakostomi ile tedavi edilen 30 (%50) olgu Grup I, hemotoraksý VATS ile tedavi edilen 30 (%50) olgu Grup II olarak sýnýflandýrýldý. Olgular tedaviye verdikleri yanýt, iyileþme süreleri, göðüs tüpü kalma süresi, hastanede kalma süreleri, tedavideki baþarý oraný, morbidite ve mortalite yönünden karþýlaþtýrýldý.
BULGULAR: Her iki grup için intraplevral aralýkta göðüs tüpününü kalýþ süresi ile hastanade kalýþ süreleri karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda bu iki parametrenin de Grup I’de daha uzun ve aralarýndaki farkýn anlamlý (p=0,001) olduðu saptandý. Her iki grupta morbidite
geliþme oranlarý karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda aradaki farkýn Grup I’de anlamlý (p=0,030) derecede daha yüksek olduðu saptandý.
SONUÇ: Hemotoraksýn tedavisinde VATS klasik drenaj yöntemi ile karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda diyagnostik torakoskopi ile doðrudan taný koyma ve hemostazý saðlayarak tedaviyi gerçekleþtirmiþ olmasý açýsýndan üstün görünmektedir. Pýhtýlaþmýþ kanýn boþaltýlmasýný saðlayarak fibrotoraks ve ampiyem geliþmini önlemektedir. Bu olgular göðüs tüpü kalýþ süresi ve hastanede kalýþ süreleri daha kýsa olduðundan erkenden taburcu edilebilmektedirler.

BACKGROUND: In this study, patients with hemothorax due to blunt or penetrating
thorax trauma and treated by tube thoracostomy were compared with the patients treated by videothoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in order to determine whether VATS
can be the first choice in treatment.
METHODS: Sixty patients with hemothorax due to trauma were examined prospectively. Thirty patients with isolated hemothorax and treated by tube thoracostomy were classified as Group I (50%), and 30 patients treated by VATS were classified as Group II (50%). Patients were compared according to healing duration, tube thoracostomy duration, hospitalization duration, success rate of treatment, morbidity, and mortality.
RESULTS: When Group I and II were compared according to the duration of tube thoracostomy and hospitalization, Group I was found to have longer duration statistically (p=0.001). When the two groups were compared according to morbidity, statistical morbidity was found higher in Group I (p=0.030).
CONCLUSION: VATS seems to be better in the treatment of hemothorax when compared with traditional drainage method because of its advantage of direct diagnosis and hemostasis by diagnostic thoracoscopy. If clotted blood is evacuated, empyema
and fibrothorax are preventable. In these cases, chest tube duration and hospital length of stay are shorter. Therefore, these patients can be discharged early.

AMAÇ: Hastanemizin yanýk merkezinde perine yanýklarýnda kullanýlmakta olan geçici fekal diversiyon ve toplama sisteminin (Flexi-Seal® FMS) klinik sonuçlarý deðerlendirildi.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Yanýk merkezimizde Agustos 2008 ile Agustos 2009 arasýnda geçici fekal diversiyon ve toplama sistemi uygulanan tüm hastalar çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Hastalarýn demografik bilgileri, yanýk etyolojileri, yanýk yüzdeleri, yoðun bakým ihtiyaçlarý, erken mortalite ve uygulama sonrasý klinik bilgileri prospektif olarak hazýrlanan bir veritabanýnda toplandý. Bunlarýn yanýnda bu sistemin uygulandýðý hastalarda fekal kaçak riskini arttýrabilecek çeþitli faktörler de incelendi.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmaya 15 hasta (10 erkek, 5 kadýn; ortalama yaþ 43,1±22,1) dahil edildi. Ortalama yanýk yüzdesi 40,7±16,6 idi. Fekal kaçak 6 hastada görüldü. Perinede lokal enfeksiyon geliþen 6 hastanýn 4’ü fekal kaçaklý hastalardý. Elektrik yanýðý sistemden fekal kaçak için bir risk faktörü olarak bulundu (p<0,05). Çalýþmamýzda sistemin uygulandýðý 5 hasta kaybedildi. Kaybedilen hastalarýn tümünde yanýk yüzdesi ≥50 idi. Otolog split greft uygulanan toplam 8 hastada ciddi komplikasyon görülmedi. Sistemin ortalama uygulama süresi 22,5±5,7 gündü ve 2 hastada yüzeyel rektal mukozal erozyon dýþýnda sisteme baðlý komplikasyon görülmedi. Çalýþmamýzda sistemin uygulama ihtiyacý 29 günü aþan 1 hastaya kolostomi uygulandý. Hastalarýn ortalama yatýþ süresi ise 46,7±12,7 gündü.
SONUÇ: Geçici fekal diversiyon ve toplama sistemlerinin güvenilirliði yapýlacak daha güçlü ve prospektif çalýþmalarla kanýtlanabilirse perine yanýklarýnda saptýrýcý stoma gereksinimini azaltabilirler.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of a temporary fecal containment device (Flexi-Seal® FMS) in our burn center.
METHODS: All patients in whom temporary fecal containment devices were applied for perineal burns between August 2008 and August 2009 in our institution were reviewed. Demographics, etiology of burns, total body surface area (TBSA) burned, intensive care unit (ICU) need, early mortality, and post-application data were obtained from a prospectively designed database. In addition, some variables were investigated as potential risks factors for fecal leakage.
RESULTS: The mean age of patients (n=15) was 43.1±22.1 years, and 66.7% of the patients were male. The mean %TBSA burned was 40.7±16.6. Fecal leakage was seen in 6 patients. Local infection in the perineum was observed in 6 patients, including 4 of the 6 patients with fecal leakage. The mortality rate was 33% (5 deaths). All exitus patients had 50% or more TBSA burned. Electrical burn injury was found as a significant risk factor for fecal leakage in surviving patients (p<0.05). Autologous split-thickness grafting was performed in 8 patients without complication. The mean duration of catheterization was 22.5±5.7 days. Except for superficial mucosal erosion in the distal rectum in 2 cases, no complication was observed. The mean hospitalization time was 46.7±12.7 days.
CONCLUSION: If the safety of these devices is proven in further prospective, high-volume studies, they may reduce the necessity of diverting stoma operation in burn patients.

AMAÇ: Yanýk olgularýnda mortalite ve morbidite erken taný ile azaltýlabilir. Sepsis gibi yanýk komplikasyonlarýnýn erken tanýsý için çok sayýda belirteç kullanýlýr. Bu çalýþmada, yanýk olgularýnda sayýsal/morfolojik granülosit anormallikleri ve komplikasyonlar arasýndaki iliþki araþtýrýldý. Bu sayede, yanýk ilintili komplikasyonlar için histopatolojik belirteç/ lerin ortaya konulmasý amaçlandý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Kasým 2006 ve Kasým 2009 yýllarý arasýnda hastanede yatýrýlan
32 pediatrik yanýk olgusu çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Toplam 192 tam kan sayýmý ve periferal kan yaymasý sonuçlarý karþýlýklý analiz edildi. Bulgular, beyaz kan hücresi sayýmý,
periferal kan yaymasý deðiþiklikleri (immatür granüler hücreler, toksik granülasyon, granül ve Döhle cisimciklerinin görünümü) ve bakteriyemi, sepsis, yara enfeksiyonu,
ileri anemi ve greft kaybý gibi k omplikasyonlar arasýndaki olasý korelasyonun saptanmasýnda kullanýldý.
BULGULAR: Beyaz kan hücresi sayýsýndaki deðiþiklikler ve immatür granüler hücrelerin görülmesinin komplikasyonlar için tanýsal belirteç olarak kullanýmý uygun deðildir. Bununla beraber, toksik granülasyon, granül ve Döhle cisimciði görülmesi ile komplikasyonla karþýlaþýlmasý arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý korelasyon bulunmaktaydý (p: 0,0001<, 0,041, 0,001).
SONUÇ: Toksik granülasyon, granül ve Döhle cisimciðinin, yanýk ilintili komplikasyonlarýn tahmininde yardýmcý olabileceði görünmektedir. Bundan dolayý, periferik kan yaymalarý
gelecek komplikasyonlarýn tahmininde uygun tetkiklerdir.

BACKGROUND: Mortality and morbidity in burn cases can be reduced with early diagnosis. Many markers are used for early diagnosis of burn complications like sepsis. In this current study, the relationship between numerical/morphologic granulocyte abnormalities and complications was investigated in pediatric burns. It was aimed to introduce histopathologic marker(s) for burn-related complications.
METHODS: Thirty-two pediatric burn cases hospitalized between December 2006 and December 2009 were included in the study. A total of 192 complete blood count and peripheral blood smear results were analyzed comparatively. Findings were used to identify any correlation among white blood cell count and peripheral blood smear changes (the appearance of immature granular cells, toxic granulation, purple granules
and Döhle bodies) and complications such as bacteriemia, sepsis, wound infections, severe anemia, and graft failure.
RESULTS: White blood cell count changes and the appearance of immature granular cells were not suitable for use as a diagnostic marker for complications. Nevertheless, there was a statistically significant correlation between the appearance of toxic granulation, purple granules and Döhle bodies and subsequent complications (p: <0.0001, 0.041, 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Toxic granulation, purple granules and Döhle bodies appear to be helpful in predicting burn-related complications. Therefore, peripheral blood smear is a suitable test for predicting future complications.

AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmada, Eskiþehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Eðitim, Uygulama ve Araþtýrma Hastanesi’ne köpek ve kedi ýsýrýklarý nedeniyle baþvuran kiþilerin demografik, týbbi ve adli
deðerlendirilmesi amaçlandý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Son beþ yýllýk dönemde bu hastanede, otomasyon sisteminde yer alan kayýtlar incelenerek ICD-10 kodlarýna göre 167 olgu deðerlendirmeye alýndý. Verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde SPSS 13.0 programý kullanýldý, Ýstatistikî deðerlendirmelerde frekans ve ki-kare analizleri yapýldý.
BULGULAR: Hastalardan 116’sý köpek, 46’sý kedi ýsýrýðý nedeniyle hastanemize baþvurmuþtu. Maðdurlarýn çoðu çocuktu. Isýrýklarýn %51,9’u üst, %29,1’i alt ekstremitede idi. Köpek ve kedi ýsýrýklarý mevsimsel deðiþim gösterse de çocuklarýn tatilde olduðu yaz aylarý önemli bulundu. Yaralanmalarda en çok hiperemi-sýyrýk ve laserasyon tanýlanmýþtý. Hastanede kalýþ süresi 1-22 gün arasý olup ortalama 7,3±5,8 gün olarak hesaplandý.
SONUÇ: Köpek ve kedi ýsýrýklarý ülkemiz için bilinen olaylardýr. Hayvanlarý ve onlarýn ihtiyaçlarýný öðrenmek ve saygý duymak, ailelerin beklenmeyen yaralanmalardan sakýnmasýnýn önceliðini oluþturmalýdýr. Çocuklara köpeklere saygýlý davranmalarý,
doðrudan göz temasý kurmamalarý ve hayvanlara sataþmamalarý öðretilmelidir.

BACKGROUND: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the demographic, medical and forensic aspects of patients who were bitten by cats or dogs and admitted to the Eskiþehir Osmangazi University, Education, Training and Research Hospital.
METHODS: All the medical records of the last five years inside the automation system of the hospital were investigated. One hundred sixty-seven cases were included according to their ICD-10 diagnostic codes. On statistical evaluation, frequency and chi-square analyses were conducted and SPSS 13.0 program was used.
RESULTS: One hundred sixteen patients were bitten by dogs, whereas 46 patients were bitten by cats. Most of the victims were children. 51.9% of the bites were on an upper extremity, and 29.1% were on a lower extremity. Although cat and dog bites demonstrate seasonal changes, summer months were found important, when children were on holidays. Hyperemia, scratch and laceration were the most frequent diagnoses after injury. The length of hospital stay was between 1-22 days and calculated as a mean 7.3±5.8 days.
CONCLUSION: Dog and cat bites are very well known public health issues in our country. To know animals and their needs and to respect them should be the priority of families to avoid unexpected injury. Families should teach their children to treat dogs and cats with respect, to avoid direct eye contact with the animals and not to annoy them.

AMAÇ: Torakolomber bileþke patlama kýrýðý olan hastalarýn kýsa veya uzun segment posterior enstrümantasyon ile tedavisi sonrasý kanal içi restorasyon sonuçlarý Magerl sýnýflandýrmasý ve kýrýk lokalizasyonuna göre deðerlendirildi.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Seksen hasta iki ana gruba ayrýldý. Kýsa seviye posterior enstrümantasyon uygulanan 36 hasta Grup 1’i; [9K, 27E; yaþ ortalamasý 42,1 (daðýlým 19-65)], uzun seviye posterior enstrümantasyon uygulanan 44 hasta Grup 2’yi [18K, 26E;
yaþ ortalamasý 46,3 (daðýlým 18-78)] oluþturdu. Yirmi hastada T12, 41 hastada L1 ve 19 hastada L2 seviyesinde kýrýk vardý. Magerl sýnýflandýrmasýna göre ise hastalarýn 44’ü A3.1, 19’u A3.2, 17’si A3.3 idi. Ameliyat sonrasý kanal içi düzelme yüzdesi iki grupta da tüm parametrelere göre ayrý ayrý hesaplandý.
BULGULAR: Ortalama takip süresi Grup 1 için 35,7 (daðýlým 12-58), Grup 2 için 33,1 aydýr (daðýlým 12-58). Her iki grupta da kanal içi düzelme anlamlý bulundu, ancak Grup 2’deki düzelme daha belirgindi. Magerl sýnýflandýrmasýna göre A3.3 tip kýrýklarda; Grup 2’deki hastalarda daha anlamlý bir düzelme elde edilirken (p=0,005), kýrýk lokalizasyonuna göre sadece T12 seviyesinde Grup 2’de anlamlý fark saptandý (p=0,018).
SONUÇ: Posterior enstrümantasyon ile kanal içi yeterli düzelme elde edilmektedir, ancak Magerl Tip A3.3 gibi parçalý kýrýklarda uzun segment ile daha iyi remodelizasyon saðlanmaktadýr.

BACKGROUND: Spinal canal remodeling results according to Magerl classification
and fracture localization after short- and long-segment posterior instrumentation treatment were evaluated in patients with thoracolumbar junction burst fracture.
METHODS: Eighty patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: short-segment posterior instrumentation was applied in 36 patients [9F, 27M; Median age: 42.1 (range: 19-65)] and Group 2: long-segment posterior instrumentation was applied in 44 patients [18F, 26M; Median age: 46.3 (range: 18-78)]. Twenty patients had T12, 41 patients had L1 and 19 patients had L2 fracture. According to Magerl classification, 44 patients were A3.1, 19 were A3.2 and 17 were A3.3. In both groups, spinal canal remodeling effectiveness was evaluated postoperatively with respect to all parameters.
RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 35.7 months for Group 1 (12-58) and 33.1 months for Group 2 (12-58). In both groups, spinal canal remodeling was statistically significant, but a higher recovery ratio was obtained in Group 2 in comparison to Group 1. According to Magerl classification, in type A3.3 fractures, a more significant remodeling was obtained in Group 2 patients (p=0.005). A significant difference was determined in Group
2 at the T12 level according to fracture localization (p=0.018).
CONCLUSION: An adequate spinal canal remodeling is obtained by posterior instrumentation, but in comminuted fractures like Magerl type A3.3, a better remodeling can be obtained by long-segment posterior instrumentation.

AMAÇ: Bu yazýda, Ýran’ýn kentsel nüfusundaki kafatasý kýrýk tipi oluþ mekanizmasý tanýmlandý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Genel özellikler, travma mekanizmasý, kýsaltýlmýþ travma skalasý, Glasgow koma skalasý, hastanede kalýþ süresi ve 1999 yýlýndan 2004 yýlýna kadar kaydedilen travma hastalarýnýn sonucunu içeren verilere, Ýran Ulusal Travma Kayýtlarý
veritabanýndan ulaþýldý.
BULGULAR: Kayýtlý 16,321 travma hastasý arasýnda, kafatasý kýrýðý olan 1704 olgu saptandý. En yaygýn travma özelliði motorlu araç kazasý (MAK) (%62,5) ile düþme (%23,8) idi. Trafik kazasý maðdurlarý çoðunlukta yayalardý (%41,6). Kafatasý kýrýðýnýn
ortalama 27,2±17,7 düzeyinde bir yaþla birlikte erkeklerde (%78,6) görülmesi daha sýktý. MAK’lerde, kafa tabaný kýrýðý hastalarýn %51,2’sinde ve kafa tavaný kýrýðý da hastalarýn %48,8’inde gözlendi. Kafa tabaný kýrýðý ve kafa tavaný kýrýðý arasýnda, cinsiyet daðýlýmý bakýmýndan anlamlý bir farklýlýk vardý (p=0,002). Kafa tabaný kýrýðý olgularýnýn
%67,4’üne karþý kafa tavaný olgularýnýn %58,1’inde, MAK, travma mekanizmasý idi (p<0,001).
SONUÇ: Ýran’da, güvenlik yasalarý ve risk-spesifik müdahale programlarý önemli ölçüde geliþtirilmelidir.

BACKGROUND: We characterize in this report the mechanism and type of skull fracture in urban populations of Iran.
METHODS: Data including the general characteristics, mechanism of trauma, abbreviated injury scale, Glasgow coma scale, duration of hospitalization, and outcome of trauma patients registered from 1999 to 2004 were extracted from the Iranian National Trauma Registry database.
RESULTS: Of 16,321 registered trauma patients, 1704 cases with skull fracture were found. The most common mechanism of trauma was motor-vehicle crash (MVC) (62.5%) followed by fall (23.8%). The majority of traffic victims were pedestrians (41.6%). Skull fracture was more likely to be seen in men (78.6%), with a mean age of 27.2 ± 17.7 years. In MVCs, skull base fracture was observed in 51.2% and vault fracture in 48.8% of patients. A significant difference was found in sex distribution between skull base and vault fracture (p=0.002). MVC was the mechanism of injury in 67.4% of skull base fracture cases compared to 58.1% of vault fracture cases (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Safety legislations and risk-specific intervention programs should be improved considerably in Iran.

AMAÇ: Av tüfekleri ile meydana gelen damar yaralanmalarý cerrahlar için ciddi sorunlar yaratýr. Bu yazýda, anjiyografi yapýlmadan cerrahi giriþim yapýlan av tüfeði yaralanmalarý
deðerlendirildi.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: 1999-2004 yýllarý arasýnda av tüfeði ile meydana gelen ve vasküler tamir yapýlan 49 hasta geriye dönük olarak ele alýndý.
BULGULAR: Av tüfeði yaralanmalarý sonucunda meydana gelen damar travmalarý tamiri ciddi doku hasarý oluþmasýndan dolayý diðer ateþli silahlardan farklýdýr. Kýrk dokuz hastanýn 19’unda 1 yýl sonunda ekstremite fonksiyonu tatminkar deðildi. Bu hastalarýn 12’sinde tüm giriþimlere raðmen tam fonksiyon geri dönmemiþ ve sinir hasarýna baðlý olduðu düþünülmüþtür, 25 hasta ise kemik, tendon, sinir, cilt giriþimleri ile ve katý fizik tedavi programý ile 1 yýl sonunda tam fonksiyon kazanmýþtýr.
SONUÇ: Bu çalýþmada, av tüfeði yaralanmalarý ile meydana gelen vasküler hasarlarýn, belli ölçütler kullanýlarak ve anjiyografi yapýlmadan, kabul edilebilir risklerle tamir edilebileceði gösterilmiþtir.

BACKGROUND: Shotgun injuries of the extremities create challenging problems for vascular surgeons. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed surgical results without preoperative angiography.
METHODS: Forty-nine patients with shotgun wounds who underwent vascular reconstruction in the extremities from 1999 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS: Vascular reconstruction of the extremities after shotgun injury differs from that following injuries caused by other firearms because of extensive tissue damage. In 19 patients, function of the extremity was unsatisfactory after one year; in 12 of them functional deficit was extreme, which was thought to be the result of nerve injury. After several interventions, 25 of 49 patients are well after one year under a rehabilitation program.
CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we favor immediate operative exploration of the extremities in patients with hard signs of vascular trauma, thereby minimizing the ischemic interval, and we recommend angiography only for elective operations. Early fasciotomy should be done without hesitation in patients with long ischemic periods and in those with combined arterial/venous injury.

AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmada, eriþkin femur cisim kýrýklarýnda biyolojik tespit için kullanýlan iki teknik (plak-vida ve kilitli intramedüller çivi) karþýlaþtýrýldý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Plak-vida ile biyolojik içten tespit yapýlan 28 hasta grup I, kilitli intramedüller çivi kullanýlan 31 hasta grup II olarak ayrýldý. Grup I’den 1 hastanýn ölmesi ve 3 hastanýn da takip sýrasýnda kontrollere gelmemesi nedeni ile 24 hasta çalýþmaya
dahil edildi. Grup II’de ise 2 hastanýn ölmesi ve 3 hastanýn da takipleri sýrasýnda kontrollere gelmemesi nedeni ile 26 hasta çalýþmaya dahil edildi.
BULGULAR: Grup I ve grup II’deki olgularýn yaþ ve cinsiyetleri, yaralanma nedenleri, kýrýk tipleri, ameliyata alýnma zamanlarý ve ameliyat süreleri, kanama miktarlarý, floroskopi kullaným ve hastanede yatýþ süreleri, erken ve geç dönem komplikasyonlarý,
kaynama zamaný ve fonksiyonel sonuçlarý karþýlaþtýrýlmalý olarak deðerlendirildi.
SONUÇ: Sonuçta, kullanýlan her iki yöntemin, kaynama süreleri, komplikasyon oranlarý ve fonksiyonel sonuçlar açýsýndan birbirine üstünlükleri olmadýðý; plak ile biyolojik tespitin, özellikle çoklu yaralanmalý, pulmoner ve kardiyovasküler sistemi risk altýnda olan hastalarda ve parçalý, segmenter cisim ya da metafiz kýrýklarýnda kilitli intramedüller çivilere tercih edilebilecek alternatif bir yöntem olduðu görüþüne varýldý.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare two (plate-screws and locked intramedullary
nail) biological internal fixation techniques in the treatment of adult femur shaft fractures.
METHODS: Group I included 28 patients operated with biological internal fixation with plate and screws. Group II consisted of 31 patients operated with locked intramedullary nailing technique. During the follow-up period in Group I, 1 patient died and 3 patients dropped out of the study, so the results of 24 patients were evaluated. During the follow-up period in Group II, 2 patients died and 3 patients dropped out of the study, so the results of 26 patients were evaluated in this group.
RESULTS: Age, sex, injury mechanism, fracture type, time to operation, duration of operation, amount of bleeding, fluoroscopy usage time, early and late complications, duration of hospitalization, fracture union time, and functional results of all patients were comparatively evaluated.
CONCLUSION: According to our results, no superiority of either technique was demonstrated with respect to fracture union time, complication rate and functional results. Biological internal fixation with plate and screws is an alternative technique to
locked intramedullary nailing in patients with multi-trauma or compromised pulmonary or cardiac function, or in complex comminuted or segmented diaphyseal or metaphyseal
fractures.

AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, çocukluk çaðý kafa travmalarý konusunda ülkemizin epidemiyolojik verilerine katkýda bulunmaktýr.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Ocak 2003 ile Haziran 2008 tarihleri arasýnda Samsun Mehmet Aydýn Eðitim ve Araþtýrma Hastanesi Nöroþirürji Kliniðinde yatarak tedavi edilen 0-14 yaþlarý arasýnda toplam 851 hasta geriye dönük olarak incelendi.
BULGULAR: Hastalarýn 550’si (%65) erkek, 301’i (%35) kadýndý. Travma nedenleri arasýnda düþme (%70) ilk sýrada yer alýyordu. Giriþ Glasgow Koma Skalasýna (GKS) göre %74 hafif (GKS 13-15), %22 orta (GKS 9-12) ve %4 aðýr (GKS 3-8) kafa travmalý olgu mevcuttu. Seksen yedi hastaya toplam 92 operasyon uygulandý. Operasyon nedenleri arasýnda açýk depresyon kýrýklarý ve epidural hematomlar ilk sýradaydý.
Toplam 33 (%3,8) hasta hayatýný kaybetti. En sýk tespit edilen ölüm nedeni, trafik kazalarý ve yüksekten düþmelerdi.
SONUÇ: Bu çalýþma ve yapýlan diðer çalýþmalar, çocukluk çaðý kafa travmalarýnýn çoðu önlenebilir nedenlerden kaynaklandýðýný göstermiþtir. Kafa travmalarý ile ilgili epidemiyolojik çalýþma ve verilerin artmasý, travmanýn oluþmadan engellenebilmesi
açýsýndan önem arz etmektedir.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to contribute to the epidemiological database of our country about pediatric head injuries.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 851 patients younger than 14 years old with head injury, treated in the Neurosurgery Department of Samsun Mehmet Aydýn Education and Research Hospital between January 2003 and June 2008.
RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty (65%) patients were male and 301 (35%) were female. Falls (70%) were the most common cause of head injury. According to Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), 74% of patients had mild (13-15), 22% moderate (9-12) and 4% severe (3-8) head injury. Eighty-seven (10.5%) patients were operated. The commonest operations were performed for depressed fractures and epidural hematomas. The mortality rate was 3.8% (33). Common causes of mortality were traffic accidents and falls from heights.
CONCLUSION: Other reported studies and this study show that the majority of pediatric head injuries occur as a result of preventable causes. It is important to have local epidemiological studies and data about head injuries in order to prevent these traumas before their occurrence.

Alt gastrointestinal kanamaya neden olan soliter rektal ülser, çocuklarda oldukça nadir görülür. Nadir görülmesi, özgün olmayan bulgularla ortaya çýkmasý, bu konuda yeterli deneyimin olmamasý ve çeþitli rektal hastalýklarý taklit etmesi, bazý çocuk hastalarda yanlýþ veya gecikmiþ tanýya neden olabilmektedir. Burada, belirtilerin baþlangýcýndan 2 yýl sonra tanýsý konan, yüksek lifli diyet, laksatif, tuvalet eðitimi ve sükralfat lavman tedavisine iyi yanýt veren soliter rektal ülserli 10 yaþýndaki bir olgu sunuldu.

Solitary rectal ulcer causing lower gastrointestinal bleeding is extremely rare in children. Rare presentation, non-specific symptoms, insufficient experience, and characteristics mimicking other rectal diseases may cause misdiagnosis or delay of diagnosis in some pediatric patients. Here, we report a 10-year-old boy with solitary rectal ulcer diagnosed
two years after onset of the symptoms who responded well to the conservative therapy, including high-fiber diet, laxatives, defecation training, and sucralfate enema.

Mikrocerrahinin günümüzde geliþmesiyle birlikte deðiþik mekanizmalarla oluþan ve baþarýlý bir þekilde replante edilen skalp avülzyon olgularýna rastlamaktayýz. Daha önceki yayýnlarda tek arter ve ven ile baþarýlý bir sonuç alýnabileceði belirtilmiþ olsa da, günümüzde birden çok arter ve ven anastomozunun baþarýyý arttýrdýðý bilinmektedir. Bu görüþten yola çýkarak, mekanizma ve anastomoz sayýsý açýsýndan deðerlendirdiðimizde go-kart motor kayýþýna kaptýrma sonucu meydana gelmiþ ilginç bir olgu örneði sunuldu

With the development of microsurgery, successfully replanted cases of scalp avulsions have been reported. In spite of previous publications of replantations based on a single artery and vein, it is now accepted that multiple anastomoses increase the success rate. We present herein the case of a successfully replanted avulsion in a child who caught her hair in a go-kart motor belt, and we discuss the mechanism of injury and number of anastomoses.

Futbol dünyada yaygýn bir spordur ve ciddi karýn yaralanmalarýna yol açabilir. Bununla birlikte, cerrahi giriþim gerektirecek karýn organý yaralanmalarý nadiren bildirilmiþtir.
Futbol maçý esnasýnda yaralanan ve karýn cerrahisi uygulanan bir olgu sunuldu. Hastaya distal pankreatektomi, splenektomi, kolesistektomi, kolodoktomi ve T tüp drenaj uygulandý. Hasta ameliyat sonrasý yedinci gün komplikasyonsuz olarak taburcu edildi.

Soccer (football) is a popular sport worldwide and can result in severe abdominal injuries. Nevertheless, the necessity of surgical intervention for abdominal organ injuries has been reported rarely. We report a case who was injured during a soccer game who underwent abdominal surgery. Distal subtotal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, cholecystectomy, and choledochotomy + T-tube drainage were performed. He was discharged on the postoperative seventh day without any complication.

Retroperitoneal kanamaya baðlý gecikmiþ akut abdominal kompartman sendromu (AKS) nadir görülür. Burada, böyle nadir bir olgunun klinik tedavisi sunuldu. 12 metre yükseklikten düþen 46 yaþýndaki bir erkek, Al-Ain Hastanesine yatýrýldý. Hasta hemodinamik olarak stabildi. Fiziksel incelemesinde, karýn yumuþaktý, þiþkin deðildi. Yatýrýlma sýrasýnda gerçekleþtirilen karýn bilgisayarlý tomografisi (BT) bulgularý normaldi, 7. günde hasta, enteral beslemeyi tolere etti, 15. günde hasta aniden hipotansif hale geldi. BT’sinde aktif kanamayý gösteren kontrast renkle birlikte inferior vena kavaya basý yapan büyük bir retroperitoneal hematom belirlendi. Karný, þiþkin ve gergindi. Hastada
respiratuvar yetersizlik ve ciddi asidoz geliþmiþ, havayolu basýncý artmýþ ve idrar çýkýþý azalmýþtý. AKS tanýsý konuldu. Laparotomiden hemen sonra, hemodinamik ve respiratuvar
fonksiyonda dramatik düzelme oldu. Retroperitoneal hematoma iliþkin araþtýrma, aktif olarak kanayan baðlanmýþ ileokolik bir damar olduðunu gösterdi. Karýn, iki katmanlý
Steri-Drape arasýna yerleþtirilen IV serum fizyolojik torbalarý kullanýlarak geçici olarak kapatýldý. Karýn, 6. günde primer olarak kapatýldý. Hasta, 50. günde evine taburcu
edildi. Yaþamý tehdit edici retroperitoneal kanama, AKS’ye yol açan travmadan iki hafta sonra aniden oluþabilir.

Delayed acute abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) due to retroperitoneal bleeding is rare. Herein, we report the clinical management of such a rare case. A 46-year-old male who fell from a height of 12 meters was admitted to Al-Ain Hospital. He was hemodynamically stable. His abdomen was soft and not distended. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was normal on admission. On day 7, the patient tolerated enteral feeding. On day 15, he became suddenly hypotensive. CT of the abdomen showed a large retroperitoneal hematoma compressing the inferior vena cava (IVC) associated
with contrast blush indicating active bleeding. The abdomen became distended and tense. The patient developed respiratory failure and severe acidosis, increased airway
pressure and reduced urine output. A clinical diagnosis of ACS was made. There was dramatic improvement in the hemodynamic and respiratory function directly after laparotomy. Exploration of the retroperitoneal hematoma showed an actively bleeding ligated ileocolic vessel. The abdomen was temporarily closed using saline IV bags sandwiched between two layers of Steri-Drape. The abdomen was closed primarily on day 6. The patient was discharged home on day 50. Life-threatening delayed retroperitoneal bleeding may occur suddenly two weeks after trauma causing ACS.

Çocukluk çaðýnda travma sonrasý görülen serebral iskemi oldukça nadirdir. Bu konuda çok az çalýþma yapýlmýþtýr. Burada minör kafa travmasý sonrasý, 14 aylýk pediyatrik
bir hastada görülen serebral iskemi olgusu sunuldu. 14 aylýk bir çocuk 12 saat önce 70 santimetre yükseklikten düþme sonrasý sað kolunu kullanamama þikayetiyle acil servise
getirildi. Hastanýn daha önce gittiði hastanede minör kafa travmasý olarak izlendiði ve kraniyal görüntülemenin yapýlmadýðý öðrenildi. Hastanýn kolunu kullanamamasý mekanik
bir komplikasyon olarak görülmüþ ve bu monoparazi olarak deðerlendirilmemiþti. Hasta baþvurduðu sýrada yürüyemediði ve oturamadýðý da belirlendi. Minör kafa travmalý
hastada baþka bir travma izine rastlanmadý. Yapýlan nörolojik muayenesinde hafif bir sað hemiparazi ve sol fasiyal paralizi saptandý. Çekilen beyin tomografisinde sað bazal
ganglionlar seviyesinde hipodens görüntü tespit edilen hastanýn MRG’sinde sað lentiform ve caudat nukleuslarý sevisinde enfarktüs saptandý. Bu yazýnýn amacý, acil servis hekimlerine pediyatrik yaþ grubunda nadir görülmesine raðmen kalýcý sakatlýklara yol açabilen posttravmatik serebral iskemiyi ve hangi yaþ grubunda olursa olsun ve hasta ne
kadar iyi görünürse görünsün sistemik fiziksel incelemenin tüm hastalara uygulanmasý gerektiðini hatýrlatmaktýr.

Because the cases of post-traumatic cerebral infarction in children are uncommon, little research has been done on this subject. The case of a 14-month-old child who had cerebral infarction after mild head injury is discussed. He fell from a height of approximately 70 cm 12 hours before. He did not use his left arm after the injury. His parents took him to the public hospital, where he was investigated in terms of mechanical complication and was observed for six hours, but no computed tomography (CT) scan was performed at that time. The patient was then presented to our department by his parents. He was not able to walk and was sitting. His neurological examination revealed right hemihypoesthesia, hemiparesis and mild left facial paresis. CT showed a hypodense region in the right basal ganglia location. The right lateral ventricle seemed mildly compressed due to edematous changes. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense signal changes that affected the right lentiform nucleus and the head of the caudate nucleus. The aim of the case is to remind emergency physicians that post-traumatic ischemic stroke is uncommon but may be
the cause of disability in pediatric patients, and a systematic physical examination must be performed in all ages even if the patients appear quite well.

Psödomeningosel, meninjeal yýrtýk sonrasý ekstradural beyin omurilik sývýsý (BOS) koleksiyonudur. Dura-araknoid defekt boyutu, BOS basýncý, yumuþak doku direnci psödokist
boyutunu belirler. Semptomlar arasýnda baþ aðrýsý, boyun aðrýsý, miyelopatik bulgular radikuler bulgular görülebilir. Psödomeningosel tanýsýnda miyelografi, bilgisayarlý tomografi, sonografi, manyetik rezonas görüntüleme yararlýdýr. Psödomeningosel olgusunda, operasyon sýrasýnda belirlenen sinir köklerinin tuzaklandýðý ve onarým sonrasý nörodefisiti düzelen bir olgu sunulmuþtur.

Pseudomeningocele is cerebrospinal fluid collection in an extradural area after meningeal tear. The size of the defect in the dura-arachnoid, the pressure of spinal fluid, and the
resistance of the soft tissue presumably determine the size of the pseudocyst. The main symptoms are often: headache, neck pain and myelopathic and radicular signs. Pseudomeningocele is diagnosed by myelography, sonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. We present a case of intraoperative identification nerve root
entrapment by pseudomeningocele cyst and postoperative recovery of a patient’s neurologic deficit.