Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2009; 15(2): 159-163

Kafa travmalý hastalarda epidemiyolojik çalýþma

Aykut Karasu¹, Pulat Akýn Sabancý¹, Tufan Cansever¹, Kemal Tanju Hepgül¹, Murat Ýmer¹, Ýlyas Dolaþ¹, Korhan Taviloðlu^2
1Ýstanbul Üniversitesi Ýstanbul Týp Fakültesi, Nöroþirürji Anabilim Dalý, Ýstanbul
²Ýstanbul Üniversitesi Ýstanbul Týp Fakültesi,genel Cerrahi Anabilim Dalý Acil Cerrahi Servisi, Ýstanbul

AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, travma ve acil cerrahi polikliniðimize baþvuran kafa travmalý hastalar üzerinde, hastane temelli epidemiyolojik bulgularýn belirlenmesidir.
GEREÇ-YÖNTEM: 01.01.2006 ile 31.12.2006 tarihleri arasýnda kafa travmasý nedeniyle tedavi edilen 430 olgunun (284 erkek [%66], 146 kadýn [%34]; ort. yaþ 30±19) hastane kayýtlarý geriye dönük incelenerek deðerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Kafa travmasýyla sýklýkla çocuklarýn (%22) ve genç eriþkinlerin (%30) karþýlaþtýðý, nedenler arasýnda ise düþme (%40) ve trafik kazalarýnýn (%37) en sýk nedenler olduðu belirlendi. 2006 yýlý içerisinde kafa travmasý nedeniyle yatýrýlan hastalarda mortalite %11, aðýr sakatlýk oraný %2, acil cerrahi kliniðindeki tüm ölümler arasýndaki oraný ise %30 olarak saptandý. SONUÇ: Bu bilgiler sonucunda, ölüme sebep olabilecek kafa travmasý nedenleri arasýnda en sýk 0-16 yaþ grubunda düþmeler, 16-35 yaþ grubunda ise özellikle erkek nüfusta araç dýþý trafik kazasý ve kraniyal ateþli silah yaralanmalarýnýn olduðu gözlenmiþtir. Kafa travmalý hastalarda geliþ Glasgow Koma Skoru prognoz açýsýndan önemli bir göstergedir. Öncelikle, yaþ gruplarýna göre travma nedenlerine yönelik kafa travmasýnýn olmasýný engelleyecek önlemler alýnmalýdýr. Ýlk giriþim, taný ve tedavi yöntemlerinin geliþtirilmesi ile travmatik beyin yaralanmalarýnda mortalite ve morbidite oranlarýnýn düþürülebileceði kanýsýndayýz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Epidemiyoloji, kranyoserebral travma; travmatik beyin yaralanmasý.

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Epidemiological study in head injury patients

Aykut Karasu¹, Pulat Akýn Sabancý¹, Tufan Cansever¹, Kemal Tanju Hepgül¹, Murat Ýmer¹, Ýlyas Dolaþ¹, Korhan Taviloðlu^2
1Department Of Neurosurgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty Of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
²Department Trauma And Emergency Surgery Service, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty Of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the hospital-based epidemiological data of the head injury patients who admitted to our Emergency Surgery Department. METHODS: The records of the patients (284 males [66%], 146 females [34%]; mean age 30±19) with head injury who admitted to our Emergency Surgery Department between 01.01.2006 - 31.12.2006 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the age groups, most head injuries occurred in children (22%) and young adults (30%). The most common trauma types were due to falls (40%) and motor vehicle accidents (37%). The mortality rate in head injury patients was 11%, serious morbidity was 2%, and the rate of deaths from head injury among all deaths in 2006 was 30%.
CONCLUSION: According to these data, the most common causes of death in head-injured patients are falls (0-16 years of age) and outside vehicle traffic accidents and cranial gunshot wounds (16-35 years of age), especially for males. Admission Glasgow Coma Score is an important prognostic factor in head-injured patients. Primary precautions for head injury must be taken according to each age group. Further development of the diagnosis and treatment options will help to lower the mortality and morbidity of patients with traumatic brain injury.

Keywords: Epidemiology, craniocerebral trauma; traumatic brain injury.

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