Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2022; 28(2): 125-133 | DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2020.89499

Can chlorogenic acid reduce oxidative stress and in an experimental spinal cord injury?

Ercan Bal¹, Þahin Hanalýoðlu², Aydýn Sinan Apaydýn³, Ceylan Bal⁴, Almila Þenat⁴, Berrak Gümüþkaya⁵, Burak Bahadýr³, Ömer Faruk Turkoðlu^3
1Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara Yýldýrým Beyazýt University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
²Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
³Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
⁴Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Yýldýrým Beyazýt University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
⁵Department of Pathology, Ankara Yýldýrým Beyazýt University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of chlorogenic acid in spinal cord injury (SCI).
METHODS: Twenty-one rats were divided into three groups. Laminectomy was performed in group L (n=7), spinal cord trauma was induced in group T (n=7), and spinal cord trauma was induced and chlorogenic acid treatment was started in group C (n=7). Blood samples were collected to analyze baseline values and the 12th h, 1st day, 3rd day, and 5th day catalase, native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), disulfide (SS), SS/TT, SS/NT, and NT/TT levels. Functional analysis with Basso-Beattie and Bresnahan scores was performed at the same time points. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidative stress, oxidative stress index, and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) were examined in the spinal cord of rats euthanized on day 7; results were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: On day 7, catalase levels in Group C were significantly higher than baseline levels, whereas those in Group T were significantly
lower than baseline levels; Group L showed no significant difference (p=0.008). SS values on day 7 were lower in Group T than in Groups C and L. Group C showed the lowest decrease in NT/TT level after trauma. On day 7, SS/TT level was high in Group T but stable in Groups C and L (p=0.04). Histopathological examination revealed significantly lower Cox-2 and TAS levels in Group C than in Group T (p=0.003, p=0.017, respectively).
CONCLUSION: In this study, SCI was primarily examined through thiol-SS balance, and it was demonstrated by experimental models that chlorogenic acid has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in SCI.

Keywords: Chlorogenic acid, oxidative stress; spinal cord injury; thiol/disulfide.

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Klorojenik asit tedavisi deneysel spinal kord yarlanmasýnda oksidatif stresi azaltabilir mi?

Ercan Bal¹, Þahin Hanalýoðlu², Aydýn Sinan Apaydýn³, Ceylan Bal⁴, Almila Þenat⁴, Berrak Gümüþkaya⁵, Burak Bahadýr³, Ömer Faruk Turkoðlu^3
1Ankara Yýldýrým Beyazýt Üniversitesi Týp Fakültesi, Nöroþirürji Ana Bilim Dalý, Ankara, Türkiye
²Ankara Hacettepe Üniversitesi Týp Fakültesi, Nöroþirürji Ana Bilim Dalý, Ankara, Türkiye
³Ankara Þehir Hastanesi, Beyin Ve Sinir Cerrahisi Kliniði, Ankara, Türkiye
⁴Ankara Yýldýrým Beyazýt Üniversitesi, Biokimya Ana Bilim Dalý, Ankara, Türkiye
⁵Ankara Yýldýrým Beyazýt Üniversitesi, Patoloji Ana Bilim Dalý, Ankara, Türkiye

AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmada, spinal kord yaralanmasýnda klorojenik asidin antioksidan ve nöroprotektif özellikleri araþtýrýldý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Üç gruba ayrýlmýþ 21 sýçan üzerinde yapýlan çalýþmada, L grubuna sadece laminektomi (n=7) yapýldý, T grubunda spinal kord travmasý oluþturuldu. C grubunda spinal kord travmasý oluþturulup klorojenik asit tedavisi baþlandý. Tüm deneklerin serumunda bazal ve 12. saat, birinci gün, üçüncü gün ve beþinci günde oksidatif katalaz, nativ thiol (NT), toplam thiol (TT), disülphide (SS), SS/TT, SS/NT, NT/TT bakýldý. Ayný zaman noktalarýnda BBB skorlarý ile fonksiyonel deðerlendirmeler yapýldý. Yedinci gün sakrifiye edilen deneklerin spinal kordunda TAS (total antioksaidant status), TOS (total oksidaive stres), OSI (oksidative stres indeksi) ve Cox-2 incelendi. Sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: Katalaz bazal seviyeleri yedinci günde bazal seviyelerine istatistiksel açýdan anlamlýlýk oluþturacak þekilde C grubunda yüksek, T grubunda düþük, L grubunda ise belirgin deðiþiklik göstermedi (p=0.008). SS deðerleri yedinci günde C grubuna ve L grubuna göre seviyede düþük bulundu. NT/TT düzeyi travma sonrasý en az düþen grup C grubu olmuþtur. SS/TT düzeyi yedinci günde T grubunda yüksek bulunurken, C ve L grubunda ise stabildi (p=0.04). Doku çalýþmasýnda C grubu Cox-2 ve TAS deðerleri anlamlý olarak travma grubundan daha düþük bulundu (sýrasýyla, p=0.003, p=0.017).
TARTIÞMA: Bu çalýþma spinal kord yaralanmasýný öncelikle thiol-disülfid dengesi üzerinden incelemiþ ve klorojenik asidin, spinal kord yaralanmasýnda antioksidan ve nöroprotektif etkileri olduðu deneysel modellemeler üzerinden gösterilmiþtir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Klorojenik asit, oksidatif stres; spinal kord yaralanmasý; tiyol/disülfid.

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