Effects of lupeol on experimental testicular ischemiareperfusion damage in rats

Background: Infertility and organ loss are possible outcomes of testicular torsion, a urological emergency. This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of lupeol on testicular ischemia/reperfusion damage.
Methods: Thirty adult male Spraque–Dawley rats were randomized into five groups: Control (C), Lupeol (L), Ischemia (Isc), Treatment 1 (T1), and Treatment 2 (T2). In the study groups, detorsion was applied to the left testicles by creating a 720-degree testicular torsion for 2 h. Additionally, in the T1 and T2 groups, 100 mg/kg of lupeol was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before and immediately after detorsion. At the sixth hour,aBACKGROUND: Infertility and organ loss are potential consequences of testicular torsion, a urological emergency. This study aimed
to evaluate the impact of lupeol on testicular ischemia-reperfusion damage.
METHODS: Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Control (C), Lupeol (L), Ischemia (Isc),Treatment 1 (T1), and Treatment 2 (T2). In the study groups, detorsion was applied to the left testicles following the induction of 720-degree testicular torsion for two hours. In the T1 and T2 groups, 100 mg/kg of lupeol was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before and immediately after detorsion. At the sixth hour, blood and testicular tissue samples were collected from each rat. Measurements included serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), tissue glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and caspase-3 levels. Histopathological analysis was performed to assess the Johnsen Tubular Biopsy Score (JTBS).
RESULTS: Levels of caspase-3 (2.74±0.32), MDA (1.71±0.26), IL-6 (4.92±0.57), and TNF-α (113.18±29.77) were elevated in Group Isc compared to Group C and showed a significant reduction in Group T2 (2±0.67, 1.16±0.36, 3.95±0.17, and 106.13±12.49, respectively) and particularly in Group T1 (1.65±0.50, 0.95±0.143, 80±0.35, and 104.86±8.42, respectively) (p=0.001). However, while TNF-αlevels decreased in both treatment groups, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.768). GSH levels decreased in Group Isc(140.63±25.71) but increased in Group T2 (211.58±95.05) (p=0.753) and particularly in Group T1 (219.9±48.21)(p=0.078). The JTBS
was lowest in Group Isc (7.67±0.25). However, improvements were observed in both treatment groups (8.93±0.16 and 8.82±0.22, respectively) (p=0.001).
CONCLUSION: This study, the first to use lupeol in an experimental testicular torsion model, demonstrated its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic, histopathological damage-reducing, and protective effects. blood and testicular tissue samples were obtained from each rat. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), tissue glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and caspase-3 measurements were also obtained. Histopathological analysis was used to evaluate the Johnsen Tubular Biopsy Score (JTBS).
Results: Caspase-3 (2,74±0,32), MDA (1,71±0,26), IL-6 (4,92±0,57), and TNF-ɑ (113,18±29,77) values increased in Group Isc compared to Group C and significantly decreased in T2 (2±0,67, 1,16±0,36, 3,95±0,17, and 106,13±12,49) and particularly T1 groups (1,65±0,50, 0,95±0,143, 80±0,35, and 104,86±8,42) (p=0.001). However, TNF-α levels decreased in both treatment groups, with no statistically significant difference (p=0.768). GSH levels decreased in Group Isc (140,63±25,71) but increased in T2 (211,58±95,05) (p=0.753) and particularly in T1 groups (219,9±48,21) (p=0.078). JTBS was lowest in Group Isc (7,67±0,25). Improvement was observed in both treatment groups (8,93±0,16 and 8,82±0,22) (p=0.001).
Conclusion: This study, which is the first to use lupeol in an experimental testicular torsion model, demonstrated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and histopathological damage-reducing and protective effects.

Lupeol'ün sýçanlarda deneysel testiküler iskemi/reperfüzyon hasarý üzerine etkileri

AMAÇ: Kýsýrlýk ve organ kaybý, ürolojik acil durum olan testis torsiyonunun olasý sonuçlarýdýr. Bu araþtýrmada lupeolün testiküler iskemi reperfüzyon hasarý üzerindeki etkisini göstermeye çalýþtýk.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: 30 adet yetiþkin erkek Spraque Dawley sýçaný randomize edilerek Kontrol(C), Lupeol(L), Ýskemi(I), Tedavi 1(T1) ve Tedavi 2(T2) gruplarýna ayrýldý. Çalýþma gruplarýnda sol testislere 2 saat boyunca 720 derece testis torsiyonu oluþturularak detorsiyon uygulandý. T1 ve T2 gruplarýna detorsiyondan 30 dakika önce ve hemen sonra 100 mg/kg Lupeol intraperitoneal olarak enjekte edildi. Altýncý saatte her sýçandan kan
ve testis dokusu örnekleri alýndý. Serum interlökin-6(IL-6) ve tümör nekroz faktörü-α (TNF-α), doku glutatyonu (GSH), malondialdehit (MDA) ve kaspaz 3 ölçümleri için kan alýndý. Johnsen Tübüler Biyopsi Skorunu (JTBS) deðerlendirmek için histopatolojik analiz yapýldý.
BULGULAR: Kaspaz 3 (2.74±0.32), MDA (1.71±0.26), IL-6 (4.92±0.57) ve TNF-α (113.18±29.77) deðerleri Grup I'de Grup C'ye göre artarken T2'de (2±0.67, 1.16±0.36, 3.95±0.17 ve 106.13±12.49) ve özellikle T1 grubunda (1.65±0.50, 0.95±0.143, 80±0.35 ve 104.86±8.42) belirgin azalma saptandý (p=0.001). Ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir fark olmamasýna raðmen her iki tedavi grubunda da TNF-α'da azalma vardý (p=0.768). GSH düzeyleri Grup I'de azalýrken (140.63±25.71), T2 grubunda (211.58±95.05) (p=0.753) ve özellikle T1 grubunda (219.9±48.21) artma gözlendi
(p=0.078). JTBS en düþük skoru Grup I'de görülürken (7.67±0.25), tedavi gruplarýnda iyileþme gözlendi (8.93±0.16 ve 8.82±0.22), (p=0.001).
SONUÇ: Lupeol'ün ilk kez deneysel testis torsiyon modelinde kullanýldýðý bu çalýþmada antioksidan, antienflamatuvar ve antiapoptotik etkilerinin yaný sýra histopatolojik hasarý azaltýcý ve koruyucu etkileri de ortaya konmuþtur.