AMAÇ
Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, hayvan modelinde karýn duvarý defektlerinin polipropilen yama ile tamirinden sonra oluþan adezyon formasyonu, fibrozis ve enflamasyon üzerine okside rejenere selüloz, polietilen glikol ve hylan G-F 20’nin etkilerini araþtýrmaktýr.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Kýrk sýçan dört gruba ayrýldý ve karýn duvarý defekti oluþturuldu. Defektler sýrasý ile grup I, II, III ve IV olacak þekilde; sadece polipropilen yama (kontrol grubu), polipropilen yama ve adezyon bariyeri olarak hylan G-F 20, polipropilen yama ve adezyon bariyeri olarak okside rejenere selüloz, polipropilen yama ve adezyon bariyeri olarak polietilen glikol kullanýlarak onarýldý. Sýçanlar 14. günde öldürüldü.
BULGULAR
Makroskopik adezyon açýsýndan karþýlaþtýrýldýklarýnda kontrol gurubu ile adezyon bariyeri kullanan gruplar arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý fark bulundu. Kontrol grubunda ileri derecede fibroblast proliferasyonu ve polietilen glikol grubunda hafif fibroblast proliferasyonu görüldü.
SONUÇ
Polietilen glikol etkili bir adezyon bariyeridir. Son dönemde laparoskopik cerrrahi birçok alanda standart metot haline gelmiþtir. Polietilen glikol laparoskopik düzeneði sayesinde hasarlý yüzey üzerine uygulama kolaylýlýðý saðlamaktadýr.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of oxidized generated cellulose, polyethylene glycol and hylan G-F 20 on adhesion formation, fibrosis and inflammation after repair of abdominal wall defect with polypropylene mesh in an animal model.
METHODS
Forty rats were divided into four groups and abdominal wall defect was established. The defect was repaired with polypropylene mesh alone (control group), polypropylene mesh and hylan G-F 20 as adhesion barrier, polypropylene mesh and oxidized generated cellulose as adhesion barrier, or polypropylene mesh and polyethylene glycol as adhesion barrier in Groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Rats were sacrificed on the 14th day in all groups.
RESULTS
A comparison of the groups in terms of macroscopic adhesion scores revealed statistically significant differences between the groups using an adhesion barrier and the control group. Severe fibroblast proliferation was seen in the control group and mild fibroblast proliferation was seen in polyethylene glycol group.
CONCLUSION
Polyethylene glycol is an effective adhesion prevention barrier. Laparoscopic surgery has become the standard method in most of the surgical field. With its laparoscopic apparatus, polyethylene glycol allows easy application on the damaged surface.

AMAÇ
Bu çalýþmada, sýçanlarda seruleinle deneysel olarak oluþturulan akut pankreatit (AP) modelinde alfa lipoik asitin (ALA) kan biyokimyasal parametreleri ve doku düzeyindeki etkileri araþtýrýldý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Her biri 8 sýçandan oluþan 3 grup oluþturuldu. Grup 1: Kontrol; Grup 2: Seruleinle pankreatit oluþturulup salin verilen grup; Grup 3: Seruleinle pankreatit oluþturulup ALA verilen grup. AP intraperitoneal olarak 20 µg/kg dozunda seruleinin 1’er saat aralýklarla 4 defa verilmesiyle oluþturuldu. Son serulein dozundan 12 saat sonra hayvanlar dekapite edildi. Kan amilaz, lipaz, interlökin (IL)-1ß, tümör nekroz faktör (TNF)-alfa düzeyleri, pankreas doku glutatyon (GSH), malondialdehid (MDA), miyeloperoksidaz (MPO) ve Na+-K+-ATPase aktivitesi belirlendi. Ayrýca pankreas doku örnekleri histopatolojik olarak mikroskopta deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR
Seruleinle pankreatit oluþturulan grupta kan amilaz, lipaz, IL-1ß, TNF-alfa düzeyleri, doku MDA, MPO düzeyleri anlamlý derecede artarken, doku GSH ve Na+-K+-ATPase aktivitesi anlamlý derecede azaldý. ALA tedavisiyle bu deðerlerde ve histopatolojide tersine deðiþiklikler, düzelme ve iyileþme görüldü.
SONUÇ
Mevcut bulgular ALA tedavisinin, pankreasta oluþabilecek serbest radikallerin neden olduðu organ ve fonksiyon bozukluðunu önleyerek morbidite ve mortaliteyi önemli oranda azaltabileceðini düþündürmektedir.

BACKGROUND
The present study aimed to determine the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on blood and tissue biochemical parameters, as well as tissue histopathology, in an experimental rat model of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP).
METHODS
Three groups consisting of eight rats each were used, as follows: Group 1, controls; Group 2, cerulein-induced pancreatitis group treated with saline; and Group 3, cerulein-induced pancreatitis group treated with ALA. AP was induced by intraperitoneal administration of cerulein (20 µg/kg) 4 times at 1-hour intervals. The animals were decapitated 12 hours after the last dose of cerulein. Blood amylase, lipase, interleukin (IL)-1ß, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, pancreas tissue glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Na+-K+-ATPase activity were measured. Pancreatic tissue samples were also evaluated histopathologically under a light microscope.
RESULTS
While plasma amylase, lipase, IL-1ß, and TNF-α levels, and tissue MDA and MPO levels significantly increased in rats with cerulean-induced AP, tissue GSH and Na+-K+-ATPase activity significantly reduced. These changes were reversed and improved with ALA treatment.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that ALA may significantly reduce morbidity and mortality by preventing organ dysfunction induced by free radicals in the pancreas.

AMAÇ
Orta ve ciddi sekonder peritonitte planlý abdominal onarýmýn sonlandýrýlma kararýnda C reaktif protein (CRP), interlökin (IL) 6, leptin, kortizol ve kaspaz 3 deðerlerinin etkisi araþtýrýldý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Orta ve ciddi sekonder peritonitli 15 hasta alýndý. Serum CRP, IL-6, leptin ve kortizol düzeyleri ile periton sývýlarýnda kaspaz 3 ölçüldü.
BULGULAR
Mortalite geliþenlerde yaþ ve 48. saat APACHE II skoru, geliþmeyenlere göre anlamlý olarak yüksek olarak bulundu. Tüm gruplarda 0. saat ve 72. saat kaspaz düzeyleri arasýnda anlamlý fark bulundu. Dörtten az ve fazla yýkama yapýlanlar kaspaz açýsýndan karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda; az yýkama yapýlanlarda kaspaz deðerlerinde azalma olduðu izlendi. Dört ve daha az yýkama yapýlanlarda 0. saat kaspaz ile 72. saat kaspaz deðerleri arasýnda anlamlý farklýlýk bulundu. Mortalite olan grubun kaspaz 3 deðerleri arasýnda farklýlýk saptanmazken, mortalite olmayan grupta kaspaz 3 48. ve 72. saat deðerlerinde anlamlý bir düþüþ izlendi. CRP, IL-6, leptin ve kortizol seviyelerindeki deðiþiklikler anlamlý bulunmadý.
SONUÇ
CRP, IL-6, leptin, kortizol seviyesinin karýn kapatýlmasý kararýnda etkisinin olmadýðý görülmüþtür. Kaspaz 3 seviyelerindeki düþüþ yýkama sayýsýný belirlemede yararlý olabilir. Karýn kapamada yýkama sayýsýný belirlemede vekil parametre olarak kaspaz 3 seçilecekse, daha uzun sürelerdeki kaspaz aktivitesini deðerlendiren çalýþmalara ihtiyaç vardýr.

BACKGROUND
We aimed to investigate the impact of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, cortisol, and caspase-3 on the decision of terminating planned abdominal repair in secondary peritonitis.
METHODS
Fifteen patients with peritonitis were enrolled into the study. Serum CRP, IL-6, leptin, cortisol, and peritoneal caspase-3 activities were measured.
RESULTS
APACHE II scores at 48 hours (h) and age were significantly higher in non-survivors. A significant decrease was observed in caspase-3 activities of patients in whom ≤4 laparotomies were performed when compared with those who underwent >4 laparotomies. For patients who underwent ≤4 laparotomies, there was a significant difference in caspase-3 levels between 0 and 72 h. There was no significant difference in caspase-3 levels in non-survivors; caspase-3 levels were significantly lower in the survivors at 48 and 72 h. Changes in CRP, IL-6, leptin, and cortisol levels were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
CRP, IL-6, leptin, cortisol, and caspase-3 are not valuable in discriminating the number of planned operations, even though there is a significant decrease in caspase-3 “within” survivors. The discriminative value of caspase-3 for closure should be evaluated in studies in which caspase-3 is monitored for a longer duration in a large number of patients.

AMAÇ
Literatürde, yaþlýlarda akut apandisitin özellikleri bazý çalýþmalarda tarif edilmiþtir, ancak skorlama sistemlerinin uygulanabilirliðini deðerlendiren bir çalýþma yoktur. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý 65 yaþýndan yaþlý hastalarda Alvarado ve Lintula skorlarýný karþýlaþtýrmaktýr.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Tanýsý patolojik inceleme ile kesinleþmiþ 65 yaþýndan yaþlý hastalar, büyük acil polikliniðine baþvurularý sonucunda spesifik olmayan karýn aðrýsý tanýsý almýþ ayný yaþ grubundaki hastalarla baþvuru yýlýna göre sýnýflandýrýlarak karþýlaþtýrýldý. Alvarado ve Lintula skorlarý hasta dosyalarýndan retrospektif olarak hesaplandý.
BULGULAR
Her iki skorlama metodu da apandisite baðlý karýn aðrýsý ve spesifik olmayan karýn ayrýsýný ayýrt etmede baþarýlý bulundu. Alvarado skoru, Lintula skoruna göre öngörme özelliði açýsýndan üstündü. Kontrol ve apandisit gruplarýnda iki parametrenin (týnlayýcý, tiz baðýrsak sesleri olmasý veya baðýrsak seslerinin alýnamamasý ve bulantý) prevalansý benzerdi. Ýki skor, bu iki parametre olmadan tekrar hesaplandý. Düzenleme sonrasý iki skorda daha iyi ve birbirlerine daha çok benzer sonuçlar verdi.
SONUÇ
Geriatrik yaþ grubunda hem Alvarado hem de Lintula skorlarýnýn akut apandisitin tanýsýnda yüksek sensitivite ve spesifitesi vardýr. Bu skorlarýn performanslarý “bulantý” ve “týnlayýcý, tiz baðýrsak sesleri olmasý veya baðýrsak seslerinin alýnamamasý” parametreleri çýkartýldýðýnda daha iyi hale gelmektedir.

BACKGROUND
Although special features of acute appendicitis in the elderly have been described in some studies, no studies evaluating the applicability of appendicitis scores exist in the literature. The aim of this study was to compare Alvarado and Lintula scores in patients older than 65 years of age.
METHODS
Patients older than 65 years with appendicitis confirmed by pathology report were matched by year of admission with a group of patients admitted to the emergency department with non-specific abdominal pain. Alvarado and Lintula scores were calculated retrospectively from patient charts.
RESULTS
Both scores were observed to operate well in distinguishing between abdominal pain due to appendicitis and non-specific abdominal pain. The Alvarado score was a better predictor compared to the Lintula score. Two parameters (absent, tingling or high-pitched bowel sounds and nausea) had similar prevalence in the control and appendicitis groups. We selected to recalculate the two scores with the exclusion of these two parameters. The two scores performed better but were more similar to each other after the modification.
CONCLUSION
Both Alvarado and Lintula scores have a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the geriatric age group. Their performance improves with exclusion of the two parameters “nausea” and “absent, tingling or high-pitched bowel sounds”.

AMAÇ
Rektal yaralanmalarýn tedavi prensipleri savaþ deneyimlerine dayanmaktadýr. Sivil yaralanmalarda bu prensipleri uygularken sivil rektal yaralanmalarýn özelliklerini ve bunun yanýnda morbiditeye etkili faktörleri bilmek gerekir.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Ateþli silah ve delici-kesici aletle rektal yaralanma oluþmuþ 29 hastanýn özellikleri deðerlendirildi. Risk faktörlerini belirlemek amacýyla hastalar morbidite olanlar ve olmayanlar þeklinde iki gruba ayrýldý (morbidite olan: Grup 1, morbidite olmayan: Grup 2) ve faktörler gruplar arasýnda karþýlaþtýrýldý.
BULGULAR
Þiddetli fekal kontaminasyon, perianal veya gluteal yaralanma, travma tedavi intervali ve izole ekstraperitoneal yaralanma olmasý morbidite geliþimi üzerine etkili faktörlerdi. Hastanede kalýþ süresi Grup 1’de Grup 2 ile karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda anlamlý derecede daha uzundu.
SONUÇ
Rektal yaralanmalarla nadiren karþýlaþýlmasýna raðmen, morbidite ve mortalite oranlarý yüksektir. Risk faktörlerinin bilinmesi ve hastaya göre tedavi planý yapýlmasý tedavinin baþarýsý için önemlidir. Zamanýnda tedavi edilen hastalarda morbidite oraný önemli ölçüde azalmaktadýr. Bu nedenle, doktorlarýn yaný sýra hastalarýn da rektal yaralanma konusunda bilinçli olmasý gerekmektedir.

BACKGROUND
The principles of the treatment of rectal injuries have been determined based on the experiences gained from military injuries. While adopting these principles in civilian life, it is essential to know the characteristics of civilian rectal injuries as well as the risk factors affecting morbidity.
METHODS
The characteristics of 29 inpatients who had been treated due to rectal injuries caused by gunshot wounds and penetrating devices were evaluated. In order to determine the risk factors, the patients were divided into two groups regarding the presence of morbidity (Group 1, with morbidity; Group 2, without morbidity) and compared.
RESULTS
Severe fecal contamination, perianal or gluteal injuries, duration of trauma- treatment interval, and isolated extraperitoneal injury were significant factors that affected the development of morbidity. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in Group 1 as compared to Group 2.
CONCLUSION
Although rectal injuries are rarely encountered, they carry high morbidity and mortality. Awareness of the risk factors and planning of a patient-based treatment are essential for the success of the therapy. The rate of morbidity is substantially decreased when patients are treated in time. Thus, the awareness of both patients as well as physicians managing trauma about rectal injuries should be increased.

AMAÇ
Ýntertrokanterik kýrýklarda intramedüller Ender çivileme, geçmiþ yýllarda çok yaygýndý. Ancak bu yöntemin kullanýmý, komplikasyonlarýndan dolayý zaman içerisinde azaldý. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, tek yanlý eksternal fiksatörle desteklenen Ender çivileme ile bu tür komplikasyonlarýn önlenmesi ile birlikte bu yöntemin sonuçlarýný deðerlendirmektir.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Bu teknik 39 hastada kullanýldý (17 erkek, 22 kadýn; ortalama yaþ 71,4 yýl). Ameliyat öncesi tüm hastalarýn ortalama American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) skoru 1,84 (daðýlým, 1-4) idi. Kýrýklar AO/OTA sýnýflamasýna göre ayrýldý. Biz ameliyatýmýzda eksternal fiksatörü intramedüller çivilere destek amacýyla kullandýk. Son takipte, tüm hastalar Parker-Palmer mobility skoru ve Harris kalça skoru ile deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR
Ortalama izlem süresi 29,2 ay (20-56) idi. Ýki hastada Ender çivilerinin dizden dýþarý çýkmasý, iki hastada 2 cm kýsalýkla birlikte varus deformitesi ve yedi hastada çivi dibi enfeksiyonu oluþtu. Yaþamýný sürdürebilen ve son takibi yapýlabilen 14 hastanýn ortalama Harris kalça skoru 64, Parker-Palmer skoru 6,8 idi.
SONUÇ
Bu yöntemin, herhangi bir ciddi sorun görülmeksizin, kýrýðýn kýsa sürede iyileþmesini saðlamasý ve ekstremitesine tam aðýrlýk vermesine uygun olmasý gibi üstünlükleri gösterilmiþtir.

BACKGROUND
Intramedullary Ender nailing in intertrochanteric fractures was very popular in the past. However, this method has fallen in favor over time, due to complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate results with this method and possible ways to prevent these complications, including the use of unilateral fixators to support the Ender nails.
METHODS
This technique (Ender nailing and external fixator) was used in 39 patients (17 M/22 F, mean age: 71.4 years). The preoperative mean American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was 1.84 (range: 1-4) for all the patients. AO/OTA classification of fractures was used. In our surgery, we used an external fixator to support the intramedullary nails. All patients were evaluated with Parker-Palmer mobility score and with the Harris hip score.
RESULTS
The follow-up period was 29.2 months (20-56). Two patients experienced nail migration in the knees, two patients had varus deformation with a reduction in length of 2 cm, and seven patients developed pin-track infection. The average Harris score and Parker-Palmer score of the 14 patients who presented for their last follow-up examination were 64 and 6.8, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This method demonstrated several advantages, in that it allows the patient to put weight on the extremity after a shorter period of time and enables the fracture to heal rapidly without any serious complications.

AMAÇ
Açýk göz küresi yaralanmasý olan geriatrik hastalarýn demografik ve etyolojik özelliklerini deðerlendirmeyi, prognozu etkileyen faktörleri tespit etmeyi ve güncel literatür eþliðinde genç nüfusla farklýlýklarý karþýlaþtýrmayý amaçladýk.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Açýk göz küresi yaralanmasý nedeniyle 1998-2009 yýllarý arasýnda tedavisi ve takibi yapýlan 65 yaþ üzerinde 30 hastanýn dosyalarý geriye dönük olarak deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR
Ortalama yaþ 73,1 yýl idi. Hastalarýn %60’ý erkekti ve en fazla sol göz tutulumu vardý. En sýk rastlanan travma tipi künt nesnelerle oluþan yýrtýlma idi. Hastalarýn baþvuru anýndaki görme keskinlikleri 13 hastada ýþýk hissi yokken, 15 hastada ýþýk hissi/el hareketleri, 2 hastada 1/200-19/200 düzeyindeydi. Demografik ve klinik karakteristiklerin final görme keskinliði üzerine etkisinin deðerlendirildiði tek deðiþkenli analizde yara yeri, travma tipi ve oküler travma skoru istatistiksel olarak anlamlý deðiþkenlerdi.
SONUÇ
Açýk göz küresi yaralanmalarýnýn prognozu geriatrik hastalarda oldukça kötüdür. Yaþa baðlý geliþen yapýsal deðiþiklikler, geçirilmiþ cerrahiler daha kolay yýrtýk geliþimine neden olmaktadýr. Tedavi sürecinde iyileþme kapasitesinin sýnýrlý olmasý, hastalarýn beraberlerinde bulunan göz patolojileri ve fonksiyonel kapasitenin bu yaþ grubunda düþük olmasý prognozu kötü yönde etkilemektedir.

BACKGROUND
We aimed to evaluate the etiological and demographic characteristics of open globe injuries in geriatric patients, to determine the factors affecting the prognosis and to discuss the differences between geriatric and young populations in light of the current literature.
METHODS
The medical files of 30 patients aged 65 years and older who were treated and followed up for open globe injuries between 1998 and 2009 were evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTS
The mean age was 73.1 years. Sixty percent of the patients were male, with a predominance of left eye involvement. The most common type of trauma was rupture due to a blunt object. The presenting visual acuity was no light perception in 13 patients, light perception/hand movement in 15 patients and 1/200-19/200 in 2 patients. In a univariate analysis assessing the effects of demographic and clinical characteristics on final vision, the wound location, type of trauma and Ocular Trauma Score were found to be statistically significant variations.
CONCLUSION
The prognosis of open globe injuries is very poor in geriatric patients. Age-related structural changes and previous history of surgeries contribute to easy development of a rupture. During the treatment process, limited recovery capacity, ocular pathology in patients and low functional capacity in this age group exert negative effects on the prognosis.

AMAÇ
Yanýklar çocukluk döneminde önlenebilir travmalar arasýndadýr. Yanýk yaralanmalarý çoðunlukla haþlanma, alev, elektrik ve kimyasal yanýklar olarak sýnýflandýrýlýr. Ancak her biri altta yatan etyolojiye göre tedavi sýrasýnda farklýlýklar gösterir. Bu çalýþmada, haþlanma yanýklarýnda süt yanýklarýnýn önemini vurgulamak için hastalar geriye dönük olarak incelendi.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Hastalarýn (461 erkek [%60,4], 303 kadýn [%39,6]; kadýn erkek oraný 1,52) demografik özellikleri, yanýk etyolojisi, kliniði ve klinik seyirleri deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR
Gruplarýn yaþ ortalamalarý 3,36±2,86 idi. Kadýn ve erkek hastalar arasýnda yanýk nedenleri açýsýndan fark bulunmadý. Hastalarýn toplam vücut yanýk alaný ortalamasý %16,91±12,63 idi. Sýcak süt yanýðýnýn diðer haþlanmalardan daha geniþ ve daha derin yanýða neden olduðu ve daha çok 3. derece yanýklar olduðu belirlendi (sýrasýyla, p<0,001, p<0,001, p<0,05). Süt yanýklarý ayný zamanda hastanede daha uzun süre kalmanýn nedeniydi (p<0,001). Mortalite oraný süt yanýklarýnda diðer haþlanmalardan daha yüksek bulundu (p<0,001).
SONUÇ
Süt yanýklarý kötü klinik seyir nedeniyle özel dikkat gerektiren bir durumdur. En önemlisi ise süt yanýðýnýn görünenden daha derin olacaðý gerçeðinin farkýnda olmaktýr.

BACKGROUND
Burns are among the preventable traumas encountered during childhood. Burn injuries are mostly classified as scalds, flame, electric, and chemical burns. However, each subject has some difference in the course of treatment related to the sub-etiologies. To reveal the importance of milk burns, scald burn patients were studied retrospectively.
METHODS
Demographics of the patients, burn etiologies, clinical presentations, and clinical courses were analyzed. There were 461 (60.4%) male and 303 (39.6%) female patients, with a 1.52 male to female ratio.
RESULTS
The mean age of the group was 3.36±2.86 years. There were no difference in burn causes between males and females. The mean burned total body surface area of patients was 16.91±12.63%. Hot milk caused larger, deeper burns than the other scalds and caused more third-degree burns (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively). Milk burns also resulted in longer hospital stay (days) (p<0.001). The mortality rate was also higher in milk burns than other scalds (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Due to the more detrimental clinical course, milk burns necessitate special consideration in clinical settings. The most important factor is to be aware that burns are deeper than they appear.

AMAÇ
Göðüs travmasýna baðlý kardiyovasküler yaralanmalarý yüksek bir mortaliteye sahiptir. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, göðüs travmasý sonrasýnda geliþen kalp ve büyük damar yaralanmalarýnýn tedavisinde tecrübemizi sunmaktýr.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
On yýllýk süre içinde 104 hasta kalp (n=94) ve büyük damar (n=10) yaralanmalarý ile baþvurdu. Bu hastalarda demografik bilgiler, yaralanma sebepleri, yaralanma yerleri, ek yaralanmalar, cerrahi giriþimin zamanlamasý, cerrahi yaklaþým ve klinik sonuçlar gözden geçirildi.
BULGULAR
Göðüs travmasý sonrasýnda 88 (%84,6) erkek hasta baþvurdu. Tüm hastalarýn ortalama yaþý 32,5±8,2 yýl (daðýlým 12 ile 76 yaþ) idi. Penetran yaralanmalar (%62,5) en sýk sebep olarak karþýmýza çýktý. Bigisayarlý tomografi genel olarak uygulanýrken, durumu stabil olgularýn bir bölümüne ekokardiyografi yapýldý. Kalp yaralanmalarýnda sýklýkla sað ventrikül (%58,5) etkilendi. Büyük damar yaralanmalarý subklaviyen ven (6), innominate ven (1) ve desendan aorta (2) da tespit edildi. Hastalarýn %75,9’una acil servise baþvurduktan sonra erken dönemde ameliyat yapýldý. Torakotomi hastalarýn %89,5’inde uygulandý. Cerrahi mortalite penetran yaralanmalarda anlamlý derecede yüksekti (p=0,01).
SONUÇ
Klinisyenler acil servise göðüs travmasý ile baþvuran her hastada kalp ve damar yaralanmasý olasýlýðýný düþünmelidir. Bilgisayarlý tomografi ve ekokardiyografi göðüs travmasýnýn klinik takibinde faydalýdýr. Cerrahi giriþimin zamanlamasý hastalarýn hemodinamik durumlarýna baðlýdýr ve multidisipliner yaklaþým hastalarýn prognozunu iyileþtirir.

BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular injuries after trauma present with high mortality. The aim of the study was to present our experience in cardiac and great vessel injuries after chest trauma.
METHODS
During the 10-year period, 104 patients with cardiac (n=94) and great vessel (n=10) injuries presented to our hospital. The demographic data, mechanism of injury, location of injury, other associated injuries, timing of surgical intervention, surgical approach, and clinical outcome were reviewed.
RESULTS
Eighty-eight (84.6%) males presented after chest trauma. The mean age of the patients was 32.5±8.2 years (range: 12-76). Penetrating injuries (62.5%) were the most common cause of trauma. Computed tomography was performed in most cases and echocardiography was used in some stable cases. Cardiac injuries mostly included the right ventricle (58.5%). Great vessel injuries involved the subclavian vein in 6, innominate vein in 1, vena cava in 1, and descending aorta in 2 patients. Early operations after admission to the emergency were performed in 75.9% of the patients. Thoracotomy was performed in 89.5% of the patients. Operative mortality was significantly high in penetrating injuries (p=0.01).
CONCLUSION
Clinicians should suspect cardiac and great vessel trauma in every patient presenting to the emergency unit after chest trauma. Computed tomography and echocardiography are beneficial in the management of chest trauma. Operative timing depends on hemodynamic status, and a multidisciplinary team approach improves the patient’s prognosis.

AMAÇ
Sarsýlmýþ bebek sendromu (SBS) çocuða yapýlan fiziksel istismarýn ciddi bir formu olup ölüme dahi sebep olmaktadýr. Bu araþtýrmada birinci basamak saðlýk çalýþanlarýnýn çocuk istismarý ve ihmali konusunda eðitim alýp almadýklarý, istismar olgularýný tanýyýp tanýyamayacaklarý, bir istismar türü olan SBS konusunda bilgili olup olmadýklarýnýn araþtýrýlmasý amaçlandý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Araþtýrma kapsamýna Kayseri birinci basamak saðlýk kuruluþlarýnda hizmet veren saðlýk personeli alýndý. Katýlýmcýlara anket uygulandý.
BULGULAR
Araþtýrma grubunun %35,0’i hekimdi. Grubun %43,7’si daha önce çocuk istismarý ve ihmaline iliþkin herhangi bir eðitim almadýklarýný, %52,1’i toplumda en çok fiziksel istismarýn görüldüðünü düþündüklerini ifade etti. Katýlýmcýlarýn %64,1’i SBS’yi daha önceden duymuþ olduðunu söylerken; duyanlarýn %10,4’ü duyduðunu ancak bilmediðini ifade etti. Ýstismar konusuyla ilgili eðitim alma durumu meslek gruplarý arasýnda anlamlý olarak farklý bulundu.
SONUÇ
Çocuk istismarý, ihmali ve istismarýn bir alt baþlýðý olan SBS konusunda, birinci basamak saðlýk personelinin bilgi eksiði ve eðitim ihtiyacý vardýr. Mezuniyet öncesi ve sonrasý eðitimlerde çocuk istismarý ve SBS konularýna yeterince yer verilmesi farkýndalýk ve duyarlý birey sayýsýnýn artmasýna yardýmcý olacaktýr.

BACKGROUND
Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a severe form of physical child abuse, and can even cause death. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether or not the primary healthcare workers had received any education regarding child abuse and neglect, whether they could diagnose the cases, whether they had sufficient knowledge about SBS as a part of child abuse, and whether they were in need of education on the topic.
METHODS
Health workers in the primary healthcare centers in the province of Kayseri were enrolled. A questionnaire was applied.
RESULTS
In this study, 35.0% of the study group were physicians. 43.7% of the study group stated that they had not recieved any education regarding child abuse and neglect, and 52.1% stated that they believed that physical abuse was the most prominent form of abuse in society. While 64.1% of the participants stated that they had heard about SBS, 10.4% of these stated that they had heard about it, but did not have adequate knowledge on the topic.
CONCLUSION
There is a lack of knowledge and a need for education regarding child abuse and neglect among the personnel working in primary healthcare, especially on the subject of SBS. Undergraduate and postgraduate education regarding child abuse and SBS will help to increase the number of people well-informed and sensitive to this important issue.

AMAÇ
Travma sonrasý gözden kaçan diyafram yaralanmalarý karýn içi organlarýn toraksa fýtýklaþmasý ile sonuçlanabilir. Bu çalýþmada, travma sonrasý gecikmiþ diyafram yaralanmasý nedeniyle tedavi edilen hastalar deðerlendirildi.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
2001-2009 yýllarý arasýnda travma sonrasý geç bulgu veren diyafram hernisi tanýsý alan hastalarýn dosyalarý geriye dönük olarak incelendi.
BULGULAR
Çalýþmaya alýnan 10 hastanýn yaþ ortalamasý 44,3 yýl idi. Hastalarýn altýsý kadýndý. Etyolojide künt travma daha sýk (n=7) olarak saptandý. Travma ile travma sonrasý diyafram hernisi tanýsýyla hastaneye baþvuru arasýnda geçen süre ortalama 5,9 yýl (4 ay-19 yýl) idi. Dokuz hastada diyafram hernisi soldaydý. Tüm hastalarýn arka-ön akciðer grafisi çekildi ve çoðunda sadece grafi ile taný kondu (n=8). Yedi hastada ilave olarak bilgisayarlý tomografi ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme kullanýldý. Herni tamiri için yedi hastada laparotomi iki hastada torakotomi yapýlýrken, bir hastada sol torakoabdominal insizyon kullanýldý. Onarým için yedi hastada yama kullanýldý. Ameliyat sonrasý ortalama hastanede kalýþ süresi 10,6 gündü. Bir hastada ampiyem ve atelektazi saptandý. Ameliyat sonrasý mortalite saptanmadý.
SONUÇ
Travma sonrasý geç bulgu veren diyafram hernisi travma cerrahlarý için ciddi bir problemdir. Taný ve tedavinin doðru ve hýzlý uygulanmasý fýtýklaþmýþ organlarýn perforasyon veya gangreni sonrasý geliþebilecek morbidite ve mortaliteyi engeller.

BACKGROUND
Missed diaphragmatic injuries after trauma may present with herniation of intraabdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. We aimed to review our patients who presented with delayed posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernia.
METHODS
A retrospective review of the medical records of patients with delayed diagnosis of posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernia between 2001 and 2009 was performed.
RESULTS
Ten patients with a mean age of 44.3 years were included. Six patients were female. Blunt injuries (n: 7) were more common. Mean duration between trauma and presentation to the hospital was 5.9 years (4 months - 19 years). Nine patients had left-sided diaphragmatic hernia. All patients had chest X-ray and most were diagnostic (n: 8). Additional diagnostic imaging with computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) was used in seven patients. For the repair, laparotomy incision was chosen for seven patients and thoracotomy incision for two patients. One patient underwent left thoracoabdominal approach. Mesh repair was used in seven patients. Postoperative mean hospitalization was 10.6 days. Empyema and atelectasis were the morbidities in one patient. No postoperative mortality was detected.
CONCLUSION
Delayed presentation of posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernia is a serious challenge for trauma surgeons. Prompt diagnosis and treatment prevent serious morbidity and mortality associated with complications such as gangrene and/or perforation of the herniated organ.

AMAÇ
Otomobil kazalarý ile karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda tren kazalarý daha az görülmekle beraber, kazazedelerin hayatlarý üzerinde ciddi etkisi vardýr.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Týp Fakültesi Hastanesi Acil Kliniðine baþvuran 16 yaþ üzerinde, tren kazasýna maruz hastalarýn dosyalarý geriye dönük olarak incelendi.
BULGULAR
30 erkek, 14 kadýn toplam 44 hastanýn yaþ ortalamasý 31,8±14,3 idi. Yaralanmalarýn çoðu iþe gidiþ-çýkýþ saatlerindeydi. Yirmi ikisi acil servisten olmak üzere toplam 37 hasta taburcu edildi. Mortalite 7/44 (%16) saptandý. Revize travma skoru (RTS) ortalama 10,5 olup, ölenlerde 3, yaþayanlarda 11,9 idi. Ölüm nedeni 5 hastada majör vasküler hasar ve alt ekstremite amputasyonuna yol açan pelvik travma, 1 hastada torakal ve abdominal travma, 1 hastada kafa travmasý idi. Mortalite için primer risk faktörleri; alkollü olmak (%100), baþvuru anýnda kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyon yapýlmasý (%100), tekrarlayan intihar giriþimi (%75), psikiyatrik hastalýk öyküsü (%60) ve düþük RTS puaný idi.
SONUÇ
Tren kazalarýnýn çoðunluðunu, yeterince hýz kazanmamýþ trenden kaza ile düþmeye baðlý oluþmuþ minör yaralanmalar oluþturmaktadýr. Buna raðmen tren kazalarý %16 mortalite ve %37 morbiditeye neden olmuþtur. Bu bulgular yaralanmalarý önleyici tedbirlerin geliþtirilmesinin önemine dikkat çekmektedir.

BACKGROUND
Although less frequent than automobile accidents, train accidents have a major impact on victims’ lives.
METHODS
Records of patients older than 16 years of age admitted to the Adult Emergency Department of Hacettepe University Medical Center due to train accidents were retrospectively evaluated.
RESULTS
44 patients (30 males, 14 females) with a mean age of 31.8±11.4 years were included in the study. The majority of the accidents occurred during commuting hours. 37 patients were discharged, 22 of them from the emergency department. The mortality rate was 7/44 (16%). Overall mean Revised Trauma Score (RTS) was 10.5 (3 in deaths and 11.9 in survivors). In 5 patients, the cause of death was pelvic trauma leading to major vascular injury and lower limb amputation. In 1 patient, thorax and abdomen trauma and in 1 patient head injury were the causes of mortality. Primary risk factors for mortality were alcohol intoxication (100%), cardiopulmonary resuscitation on admittance (100%), recurrent suicide attempt (75%), presence of psychiatric illness (60%), and low RTS.
CONCLUSION
In this study, most train accidents causing minor injuries were due to falling from the train prior to acceleration. Nevertheless, train accidents led to a mortality rate of 16% and morbidity rate of 37%. These findings draw attention to the importance of developing preventive strategies.

AMAÇ
Ev kazalarý (EK), bir evin içinde veya bahçesinde, havuzunda veya garajýnda meydana gelen, çoðunlukla önlenebilir kazalardýr. Ülkemiz için önemli bir halk saðlýðý sorunudur. Bu çalýþmada amaç, ülkemizde yetiþkin kadýnlarýn EK ile iliþkili profilini ve bilgi düzeylerini ortaya koymaktýr.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Altý aylýk zaman diliminde bir üniversite acil servisine gelen kadýn hasta yakýnlarý çalýþma grubunu oluþturdu. Katýlýmcýlara daha önceden hazýrlanmýþ olan ve 23 sorudan oluþan çalýþma anket formundaki sorularý cevaplandýrmalarý istendi.
BULGULAR
Çalýþma süresince 1017 kadýn çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Yaþ ortalamalarý 29,2±11,1 olarak belirlendi. Sýrasýyla, sýklýkla el kesileri (n=924, %90,8), burkulma-incinmeler (n=904, %88,8) ve yanýklar (n=803, %78,9) en sýk bildirilen EK’lar idi. Çarpma, burkulma ve incinme tarzý yaralanmalarýn çocuklarýn baþýna gelen en sýk EK olduðu (n=478, %91,7), bunu düþme ve kaymalarýn (n=452, %86,7) takip ettiði saptandý. Ambulansýn en çok bilinen (n=871, %85,6), zehir danýþmanýn en az bilinen (n=48, %4,7) numaralar olduðu belirlendi. Eðitim düzeyi yüksek olan kadýnlarýn diðerlerine oranla doðru yanýt sayýlarý anlamlý yüksek bulundu (p=0,001). Çalýþan kadýnlarýn bilgi düzeyi, çalýþmayanlarla karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda ise anlamlý düþük bulundu (p=0,02).
SONUÇ
Ev kazalarý konusunda kadýnlara yönelik yaygýn kurslar planlanmalý ve bu amaçla görsel medyadan yararlanýlmalýdýr.

BACKGROUND
Domestic accidents (DA) are preventable and untoward events occurring in a house, pool or garage. Those events constitute a major issue in the context of public health. The objective of this study was to highlight the characteristics of female involvement in DA and their level of knowledge regarding first aid.
METHODS
Adult female relatives of patients presenting at the university-based emergency department within the six-month study period comprised the study sample. They were asked to answer a 23-item self-reported questionnaire, and the responses were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 1017 women (mean age: 29.2±11.1 years) were enrolled in the study. Hand lacerations (n=924, 90.8%), sprain and contusions (n=904, 88.8%) and burns (n=803, 78.9%) were the most commonly reported types of DA. The children were reported to suffer mostly from hits, sprains and contusions (n=478, 91.7%), followed by falls and slipping (n=452, 86.7%). The telephone number of emergency medical services was recalled most frequently (n=871, 85.6%), while that of the poison control center was known least commonly (n=48, 4.7%). The group with the highest level of education had a significantly higher mean number of correct answers than that of the group with the lowest level of education (p=0.001). The knowledge level of the women who worked was significantly lower than that of the unemployed women (p=0.02).
CONCLUSION
Extensive training of women on DA should be undertaken and the mass media should be utilized to achieve this goal.

AMAÇ
Çatýþma bölgelerinde meydana gelen karýn içi ateþli silah yaralanmalarýnda (KASY) komplikasyon oranlarýný etkileyen faktörler deðerlendirildi.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Þubat 2002 - Mayýs 2005 tarihleri arasýnda yüksek kinetik enerjili KASY’li 21 hasta incelendi. Travma-hastane intervali, yaralanan karýn içi organ ve sayýsý, yaralanan ekstra-abdominal organ sayýsý, penetran abdominal travma indeksi (PATÝ) ve kan transfüzyonu miktarýnýn komplikasyon oranlarýna etkisi geriye dönük olarak deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR
Hastalarýn %90,4’ünün ilk iki saat içerisinde transportu gerçekleþtirilerek ilk giriþimlerine baþlandý. Yaralanan organ sayýsý <3 olan hastalarda %7,1, ≥3 olanlarda ise %71 oranýnda komplikasyon geliþti (p<0,0001). Hastalarýn %71,4’ünde (n=15) izole karýn yaralanmasý, %28,6’sýnda (n=6) ek olarak ekstra-abdominal organ yaralanmasý vardý. PATÝ skoru <25 olan 13 hastada %7,7, ≥25 olan 8 hastada ise %62,5 oranýnda komplikasyon geliþtiði görüldü (p<0,0001). ≥3 Ü kan transfüzyonu yapýlan %47,6 (n=10) hastanýn %50’inde (n=5) komplikasyon tespit edildi (p<0,0001).
SONUÇ
Çalýþmamýzda KASY’de PATÝ skoru, multipl kan transfüzyonu ve yaralanan karýn içi organ sayýsý ameliyat sonrasý dönemde geliþebilecek komplikasyon oranlarýný etkileyen en önemli faktörlerken, travma-hastane intervali ile yaralanan ekstra-abdominal organ sayýsýnýn komplikasyon oranlarýna etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bulunmadý.

BACKGROUND
We aimed to investigate the affecting factors on the complication ratio in abdominal gunshot wounds.
METHODS
Twenty-one patients with abdominal gunshot wounds were analyzed between February 2002 and May 2005. The effects of the interval between trauma and presentation to the hospital, the number of injured abdominal and extra-abdominal organs, penetrating abdominal trauma index (PATI), and blood transfusion were evaluated.
RESULTS
90.4% of all patients were transported to the hospital and underwent their first evaluation in the first two hours. The complication rate was 7.1% in patients who had <3 injured organs and 71% in the others (p<0.0001). 71.4% of the patients had isolated abdominal trauma, while 28.6% had additional extra-abdominal organ trauma. The complication rate was 7.7% in 13 patients with PATI score <25 and 62.5% in 8 patients with a PATI score ≥25 (p<0.0001). In 10 patients who underwent blood transfusion of ≥3 units, the complication rate was 50% (p<0.0001).
CONCLUSION
In our study, PATI score, multiple blood transfusions and the number of injured intra-abdominal organs were the most important factors affecting the rate of postoperative complications in penetrating abdominal gunshot wounds. We found that the interval between trauma and presentation to the hospital and number of injured extra-abdominal organs did not affect the complication rate.

Bu yazýda, ateþli silahla pelvis yaralanmasý olan hasta sunuldu. Yaralanma bölgesi mesane ve rektum arasýndaki yumuþak doku idi. Birkaç gün sonra kurþun spontan miksiyon esnasýnda üretra yolu ile atýldý. Literatürde kurþunun kendiliðinden olarak üretra yolu ile atýldýðý birkaç nadir olgu bildirilmiþtir. On dokuz yaþýnda erkek hastanýn sol kalçasýnda ateþli silah yaralanmasý mevcut idi. Hemodinamik olarak stabil olan hastaya yapýlan direkt grafi ve bilgisayarlý tomografide pelvis içinde, mesane ve rektum arasýndaki yumuþak dokuda, organ hasarý oluþturmayan kurþun tespit edildi. Üretral kateterizasyon sonucu makroskopik hematüri tespit edildi. Rektosigmoidoskopi ve retrograd sistoskopik deðerlendirmeler negatif idi. Cerrahi giriþim yapýlmaksýzýn, hasta konservatif takip edildi. Beþinci gün, üriner kateteri çýkarýldýktan üç saat sonra kurþun üretradan kendiliðinden miksiyon esnasýnda atýldý. Bunun üzerine retrograd üretrosistografi yapýldý, üriner trakt ve mesane hasarýna rastlanmadý.

We report a case with gunshot to the pelvis. The injury site was the soft tissue between the rectum and urinary bladder. Several days later, the bullet was expulsed spontaneously during voiding. In the literature, only a few case reports have described spontaneous expulsion of an intravesical bullet. A 19-year-old male was wounded on the left hip by gunshot. Radiographic examinations showed a bullet in the pelvis, which was localized in the soft tissue between the rectum and urinary bladder, with no accompanying visceral injury on abdominopelvic computerized tomography. Macroscopic hematuria was noticed after urethral catheterization. Rectosigmoidoscopy and retrograde cystoscopic examinations were both negative. The patient was monitored closely and treated conservatively with no surgical intervention. The urinary catheter was removed on the fifth postoperative day, and the bullet was expulsed spontaneously via the urethra during normal voiding three hours after catheter removal. Thereafter, a retrograde urethrography was performed, which showed no evidence of urinary tract or bladder injury.

Aort diseksiyonu akut ve ölümcül olan kardiyovasküler bir durumdur. Altmýþ yedi yaþýnda hipertansif kadýn hasta, ani baþlayan, býçak saplanýr tarzýnda alt sýrt aðrýsý nedeniyle, acil servise geldi. Kontrastlý toraks tomografisinde kronik Tip-B aort diseksiyonu tanýsý konuldu. Yoðun bakýma transfer edilen hastaya medikal tedavi baþlandý. Hastanýn aðrýlarýnýn lomber bölgeye yayýlmasý nedeniyle diseksiyonun ilerlediði düþünüldü. Hemodinamik olarak stabil hastaya karýn ultrasonografisi yapýldý ve diseksiyonun ilerlemediði görüldü. Nörolojik incelemesinde lomber spinoz proçes hassasiyeti, her iki bacak germe testinin 30 derecede pozitif olmasý üzerine cekilen manyetik rezonans görüntülemede L3-L4’te spondilolistezis ve merkez yerleþimli disk hernisi tespit edildi. Mevcut bulgularla diseksiyon yönünden operasyon endikasyonu olmadýðý düþünüldü. Diskektomi ve füzyon cerrahisi önerildi. Hastanýn cerrahi tedaviyi kabul etmemesi üzerine, ilaç tedavisi verilerek taburcu edildi. Bu çalýþmada, kronik Tip-B aort diseksiyonlu bir olguda diseksiyonun ilerlemesini taklit eden lomber spondilolistezis’in ayýrýcý tanýdaki önemini vurgulamayý amaçladýk.

Aortic dissection is an acute lethal cardiovascular condition. A 67-year-old hypertensive woman was admitted to our Emergency Department with an abrupt onset of tearing pain in the interscapular area. A thoracic computed tomography scan with contrast showed chronic type B aortic dissection. The patient was transferred to intensive care and medical therapy was initiated. Upon spread of the pain to the lumbar area, the dissection was thought to have progressed. The patient, being hemodynamically stable, was examined using ultrasonography, and the dissection did not show any progression. In the neurological examination for the lumbar pain, the lumbar processus spinosus was found to be sensitive, and the sciatic nerve stretch test was positive at 30 degrees. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed spondylolisthesis and a centrally located disc herniation at the L3-4 level. No operation for the dissection was planned, but discectomy and fusion surgery was scheduled. Since the patient refused surgery, she was discharged with medical therapy. Our aim in this report was to emphasize the importance of spondylolisthesis mimicking the progression of dissection in the differential diagnosis of a chronic type B aortic dissection case.

Safra taþý ileusu kolelithiasisin nadir görülen bir komplikasyonu olmakla birlikte mide çýkýþ yolu týkanýklýðý çok daha nadir görülür. Bu yazýda, distal ileuma impakte safra taþý sonucu geliþen ince baðýrsak týkanýklýðý ve pilorik antruma impakte safra taþý sonucu geliþen mide çýkýþ yolu týkanýklýðýnýn (Bouveret sendromu) çok kesitli bilgisayarlý tomografi bulgularýný tanýmladýk.

Gallstone-induced ileus is a rare complication of cholelithiasis, and gastric outlet obstruction is even rarer. We describe the multidetector computed tomographic diagnosis of small bowel obstruction resulting from a gallstone impacted in the distal ileum and of gastric outlet obstruction from a gallstone impacted in the pyloric antrum (Bouveret syndrome).

Sivil hayatta penise penetran ateþli silah yaralanmalarý enderdir. Bu yazýda, acil servise penise penetran ateþli silah yaralanmasý ile baþvuran ve daha önce penis protez implantasyonu yapýlmýþ olan 48 yaþýndaki erkek hasta sunuldu. Hasarlý implant çýkarýldý ve anterior üretradaki yaralanma primer olarak onarýldý. Bildiðimiz kadarýyla bu yazýda, literatürde penis protezi olup penis ateþli silah yaralanmasý olan ilk hasta sunuldu.

Civilian penetrating injuries to the penis are quite rare. We present the case of a 48-year-old man with prosthetic implant surgery who referred to the emergency department of our clinic with penetrating gunshot injury to the penis. The damaged implant was removed and the defect on the anterior urethra was repaired primarily. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such report in the literature regarding penile gunshot injury in a patient with penile prosthesis.

Elli dört yaþýnda erkek hasta, 8 saat önce baþlayan sol kasýkta sürekli aðrý ve redükte olmayan þiþlik þikayeti ile acil cerrahi servisine baþvurdu. Fiziksel incelemede karýnda hassasiyet yoktu, sol kasýkta oldukça aðrýlý, eritemli ve redükte olmayan þiþlik vardý. Rutin kan testlerinde hafif lökositoz saptandý. Düz karýn grafisinde özellik yoktu, ultrasonografide sol inguinal kanalda 10 cm uzunluðunda, hareketsiz, ödemli ince baðýrsak ansý görüldü. Boðulmuþ sol kasýk fýtýðý tanýsýyla hasta ameliyata alýndý. Kasýða transvers kesi yapýlarak fýtýk kesesi ortaya konuldu. Kese açýldýðýnda 6-8 cc pürülan sývý geldi, vermiform apendiks inflame ve kese iç duvarýna yapýþýk durumdaydý. Ayný seansta hem apendektomi hemde primer fýtýk onarýmý yapýldý. Ameliyat sonrasý komplikasyon geliþmedi. Patolojik inceleme inflame apendiks ile uyumluydu.

A 54-year-old male complained of a continuous pain together with an irreducible swelling of the left inguinal region 8 hours prior to admission to the surgical emergency department. His physical examination revealed a very painful, erythematous, irreducible swelling in the left inguinal region without abdominal peritoneal irritation. Routine blood tests disclosed mild leukocytosis. Abdominal plain X-ray film was not specific, and ultrasonography revealed a 10 cm in length inactive, edematous intestinal section within the inguinal hernia. With the diagnosis of strangulated inguinal hernia, he underwent surgical exploration through a transverse inguinal incision. By opening the hernia sac, 6-8 cc inflammatory fluid drained out, and an inflamed vermiform appendix adhered to the inner surface of the sac was seen. Appendicectomy and primary hernia repair were performed at the same time through the inguinal incision. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the histological examination of the specimen revealed an inflamed appendix.

Çocuklarda 0-3 yaþ arasý yabancý cisim (YC) aspirasyonu sýk görülmektedir. Kýz olgu, 4 ay önce ani baþlayan öksürük, ateþ ve balgam çýkarma þikayetiyle bir saðlýk merkezinde akut bronþit tanýsý ile iki kez tedavi edildi. Þikayetinin sürmesi üzerine, çekilen akciðer grafisinde özofagusta yabancý cisim þüphesi ile Göðüs Cerrahisi Kliniðimize sevk edilen olguya yapýlan özofagoskopide YC görülmedi. Çekilen akciðer yan grafisinde, keskin ucu trakea orta hatta, yuvarlak ucu sað hemitoraksa yönelmiþ YC saptandý. Rijit bronkoskopi ile çýkarýlamayan YC, torakotomi ve bronkotomi yöntemiyle genel anestezi altýnda çýkarýldý. YC 6 cm boyunda çivi idi. Bu sunum, çocukluk çaðýndaki YC aspirasyonlarýnýn çeþitliliðini, hekimlerin saðlýk kurumlarýna inatçý öksürük þikayeti ile baþvuran çocuklarda YC aspirasyonu olasýlýðýna her zaman dikkat etmeleri gerektiðini ve ebeveyn ihmalini göstermek amacýyla hazýrlanmýþtýr.

Foreign body (FB) aspiration is common in children aged 0-3 years. Our case, a 2.5-year-old girl, presented with sudden onset of cough, fever and sputum; she had been treated twice for acute bronchitis four months ago. Resisting complaints led to an esophagoscopic examination in our Chest Surgery Clinic after a chest X-ray suggested FB in the esophagus, but no FB could be detected. A lateral chest X-ray revealed a FB with its sharp end targeting the trachea and its round end to the right hemithorax. Removal of the FB with forceps was not possible during rigid bronchoscopy. The FB was removed by thoracotomy and bronchotomy under general anesthesia. The removed FB was a nail measuring 6 cm in length. This case report should serve to stress the diversity of FB aspirations in childhood, the role of parental neglect, and that physicians should be aware of the possibility of FB in children with persistent cough.